Mixed Modes in the European Social Survey

The aim of the project is to achieve a better representation of hard-to-reach subgroups in terms of selective response and measurement bias. An experiment will be conducted in which respondents are approached either face-to-face or by phone and can choose to be interviewed face-to-face, by phone or online. To assess the effects of absence of interviewers in web-surveys, a traditional text-based web-survey will be compared with a video-enhanced web-survey, using pre-recorded video clips of interviewers reading survey questions.