Personal profile
Research interests
I work on species interactions and consequences for the dynamics, biodiversity and spatial organization of natural communities. I typically use large-scale field studies in ecosystems where (large) herbivores play an important role (including temperate savannas, wood pastures, semi-arid steppes, temperate lowland forests, salt marshes, and riverine floodplains). I am much interested in facilitation, i.e. positive interactions between species, and how these interactions are shaped by the interplay of various (a)biotic factors. Furthermore, I work on how predators (including returning wolves, or invasive feral cats) as well as humans, directly or indirectly, affect prey behaviour, with potential cascading impacts on ecosystems (e.g. ecology of fear). I aim to contribute to the advancement of fundamental ecological concepts with relevance for conservation (e.g. rewilding).
Teaching
I am coordinator of the following courses:
- Research Skills Ecology & Evolution 2 (BSc, first year; formerly known as Flora and Fauna)
- Conservation Ecology Practices (MSc, Ecology & Conservation track)
I am involved in the following courses:
- Ecological Interactions (BSc)
- Research Project Ecology & Evolution (BSc)
- BSc thesis
- MSc colloquium
- MSc essay
- MSc research project
Supervised MSc students (research projects):
- Charlie Turlier (2023)
- Charel Jager (2023)
- Fanny Spikman (2023)
- Farah Kootstra (2023)
- Pieter Otten (2022)
- Hilbert de Groot (2022)
- Walter di Nicola (2022)
- Heleen Jansen (2021)
- Annemarie van Olst (2021)
- Jurre Terpstra (2021)
- Patrick Baan (2021)
- Marije Jousma (2020)
- Josefien Tankink (2020)
- Krissie van den Heuvel (2020)
- James Skinkis (2020)
- Jagua Lamfers (2020)
- Esther Swankhuizen (2020)
- Bernhard Budin (2020)
- Joe Churchill (2019)
- Evert Lambers (2019)
- Sterre Koops (2018)
- Sanne Moedt (2018)
- Annabet Galema (2018)
- Christina Lijclama a Nije (2018)
- Franck Luicxk (2018)
- Koen Brouwer (2017)
- Jelle Wichers (2017)
- Maarten Doornbos (2016)
- Puck Oomen (2016)
- Sanne Moedt (2016)
- Erik van Haeringen (2016)
- Marjanne Havinga (2016)
- Wypkelien van Gasteren (2015)
- Jildou Schotanus (2015)
- Martijn van der Ende (2015)
- Moniek Gommers (2015)
- Mark Eerkens (2015)
- Kasper Eising (2014)
- Aron te Winkel (2014)
- Kaylee van Dijk (2014)
- Nieck Kromkamp (2014)
- Jurjen Maris (2013)
- Rutger Steever (2013)
- Myra Boers (2012)
- Marycha Franken (2012)
- Marinka van Puijenbroek (2012)
- Annelies van Ginkel (2012)
- Rogier van de Blaak (2012)
- Tjitse op de Hoek (2012)
- Hidde Zemel (2011)
- Else Langbroek (2011)
- Judith Westveer (2011)
- Liesbeth Versteegde (2010)
Education/Academic qualification
UTQ
External positions
None
Expertise related to UN Sustainable Development Goals
In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. This person’s work contributes towards the following SDG(s):
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SDG 11 Sustainable Cities and Communities
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SDG 12 Responsible Consumption and Production
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SDG 13 Climate Action
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SDG 14 Life Below Water
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SDG 15 Life on Land
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Collaborations and top research areas from the last five years
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Experimental evidence for large carnivore risk cues reducing deer browsing intensity in a temperate forest
van Beeck Calkoen, S. T. S., Di Nicola, W., Smit, C., Kuijper, D. P. J. & Heurich, M., Jan-2026, In: Journal of Applied Ecology. 63, 1, 14 p., e70267.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
Open AccessFile2 Downloads (Pure) -
The genetic structure of a Brachypodium hybridum population in a patchy arid landscape is independent of neighboring perennials and stable over two consecutive years
Korte, M. K., van de Zande, L., Manzaneda, A. J., van der Velde, M., Etienne, R. S. & Smit, C., 2-Mar-2026, In: PeerJ. 14, 18 p., e20787.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
Open AccessFile2 Downloads (Pure) -
How nitrogen deposition hampers common juniper regeneration in heathlands
Veldhuis, E. R., Verheyen, K., Smolders, A. J. P. & Smit, C., Apr-2025, In: Plant and Soil. 509, p. 301-313 13 p.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
Open AccessFile2 Citations (Scopus)37 Downloads (Pure) -
Increased sea level rise accelerates carbon sequestration in a macro-tidal salt marsh
Suello, R. H., Temmerman, D., Bouillon, S., Khalifeh, Z., van Puijenbroek, M., Elschot, K., Pelckmans, I., Andersen, T. J., Smit, C., Bakker, J. & Temmerman, S., 1-Jan-2025, In: Science of the Total Environment. 958, 13 p., 178075.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
Open AccessFile5 Citations (Scopus)41 Downloads (Pure) -
Optimizing small mustelid monitoring: Enclosed camera traps increase detection of the smallest carnivores
Otte, P. J., Hofmeester, T. R., Dekker, J., Jonge Poerink, B. & Smit, C., Oct-2025, In: Ecological Solutions and Evidence. 6, 4, 12 p., e70120.Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review
Open AccessFile2 Citations (Scopus)17 Downloads (Pure)
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CurveBend: From biodiversity loss to a nature-positive society through mobilisation of collective action at the landscape scale
Olff, H. (Leader), Piersma, T. (PI), Smit, C. (PI), Both, C. (PI), Tittonell, P. (PI), Lensink, R. (PI), Daams, M. (PI), Sijtsma, F. (PI) & Kruger-Zwart, L. (Manager)
01/05/2025 → 01/05/2032
Project: Research
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CurveBend-NL: Reconciling ecological and human lifescapes through collective action in Dutch dairy farming-dominated landscapes
Smit, C. (Coordinator), van den Born, R. (Coordinator), Both, C. (PI), Piersma, T. (PI), Tittonell, P. (PI), Daams, M. (PI), Sijtsma, F. (PI) & Mens, L. (PhD student)
01/05/2025 → 01/05/2032
Project: Research
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TRICMA²: Triple crisis meets trilateral cooperation: Effects of biodiversity loss, climate change and pollution on salt marshes & pathways to their sustainable management
Smit, C. (Coordinator), van Hardenbroek van Ammerstol, M. (Postdoc) & Kootstra, F. (PhD student)
01/10/2024 → 01/10/2028
Project: Research
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AL-Xtra: Large carnivores in anthropogenic landscapes: How landscapes of fear created by humans and large carnivores affect deer behaviour and structure ecosystems
Smit, C. (PI), Kuijper, D. P. J. (PI), Cromsigt, J. P. G. M. (PI) & Mols, B. (PhD student)
01/12/2017 → 01/06/2023
Project: Research
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AL-Xtra: Ecological and functional differentiation in a plant species with disjunct distribution: Morphology, niche, and ecological function of Acacia caven at west and east of the Andes
Smit, C. (PI), Bustamante, R. (PI) & Velasco Saragoni, N. (PhD student)
01/08/2017 → 01/10/2023
Project: Research
Activities
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Fine-scale movement of an elusive carnivore revealed by automated radio tracking
Otte, P. (Speaker), Dekker, J. (Contributor), Hofmeester, T. R. (Contributor), Kromhout Van Der Meer, I. M. (Contributor), Jonge Poerink, B. (Contributor) & Smit, C. (Contributor)
11-Feb-2026Activity: Talk and presentation › Academic presentation › Academic
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Optimizing Small Mustelid Monitoring: Enclosed Camera Traps Enhance Small Carnivore Detection
Otte, P. (Speaker), Hofmeester, T. R. (Contributor), Dekker, J. (Contributor), Jonge Poerink, B. (Contributor) & Smit, C. (Contributor)
2-Sept-2025Activity: Talk and presentation › Academic presentation › Academic
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Feral cat farewells: The effectiveness of removing feral cats from the island of Schiermonnikoog using TNRC
Swankhuisen, E. (Speaker), Smit, C. (Contributor) & Both, C. (Contributor)
14-Feb-2024Activity: Talk and presentation › Academic presentation › Academic
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De biodiversiteitscrisis te lijf - Een nieuwe en onmisbare rol van ecologen voor natuurherstel
Smit, C. (Keynote speaker)
27-Sept-2024Activity: Talk and presentation › Inaugural lecture › Popular
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Effects of recreation on deer behavior and browsing impact override those of newly established wolves
Mols, B. (Speaker), Cromsigt, J. (Contributor), Kuijper, D. (Contributor) & Smit, C. (Contributor)
20-Sept-2022Activity: Talk and presentation › Academic presentation › Academic
Datasets
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Tea Bag Index S and k data of tidal wetland sites, within-site high vs. low
Mueller, P. (Contributor), Schile-Beers, L. M. (Creator), Mozdzer, T. J. (Creator), Chmura, G. L. (Creator), Dinter, T. (Creator), Kuzyakov, Y. (Creator), De Groot, A. V. (Contributor), Esselink, P. (Contributor), Smit, C. (Contributor), D'Alpaos, A. (Creator), Ibáñez, C. (Contributor), Lazarus, M. (Creator), Neumeier, U. (Creator), Johnson, B. J. (Creator), Baldwin, A. H. (Creator), Yarwood, S. A. (Creator), Montemayor, D. I. (Creator), Yang, Z. (Creator), Wu, J. (Creator), Jensen, K. (Creator) & Nolte, S. (Contributor), University of Groningen, 23-May-2018
Dataset
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Oostvaardersplassen carrion experiment
Klink ,van, R. (Contributor), Wiersma, J. (Contributor), Vorst, O. (Contributor) & Smit, C. (Contributor), University of Groningen, 2019
DOI: 10.5063/f1ng4nz3, https://doi.org/10.5063%2Ff1ng4nz3
Dataset
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Replication Data for: Behavioral response of naïve and non-naïve deer to wolf urine
van Ginkel, A. (Contributor), Smit, C. (Contributor) & Kuijper, D. (Contributor), DataverseNL, 20-Sept-2019
DOI: 10.34894/mfvijf
Dataset
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Large herbivores facilitate a dominant grassland plant via multiple indirect effects
Zhong, Z. (Contributor), Li, X. (Contributor), Smit, C. (Contributor), Li, T. (Contributor), Wang, L. (Contributor), Aschero, V. (Contributor), Vázquez, D. (Contributor), Ritchie, M. (Contributor), Cushman, H. (Contributor) & Wang, D. (Contributor), DRYAD, 18-Jan-2022
DOI: 10.5061/dryad.rfj6q57bt, https://zenodo.org/record/5873383
Dataset
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Supplementary data for: On the European bison’s rewilding hooves: how to visualize it? - Chapter 6
Sanchez-Aguilar, L. (Creator), Buyens, I. (Creator) & Smit, C. (Creator), DataverseNL, 19-Jul-2023
DOI: 10.34894/dghq0b
Dataset
Press/Media
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Weaseling out the best way to monitor small carnivores
28/10/2025
2 items of Media coverage
Press/Media: Expert Comment › Popular
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Investigadores de INTA Paraná trabajan con especialistas internacionales en manejo ganadero regenerativo
Olff, H., Tittonell, P. & Smit, C.
24/07/2025
1 item of Media coverage
Press/Media: Research › Popular
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EU verlaagt status wolf, maar 'aanpakken wordt eigenlijk niet makkelijker'
08/05/2025
1 item of Media coverage
Press/Media: Expert Comment › Popular
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Spaanse onderzoekers volgen runderen en paarden in Lauwersmeergebied op de voet
28/03/2025
1 item of Media coverage
Press/Media: Research › Popular
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Opinie: Focus niet enkel op stikstof maar op natuurherstel, met boer als oplossing in plaats van probleem
Berg, M., Both, C., Falcao Salles, J., Olff, H., Piersma, T. & Smit, C.
25/02/2025
1 Media contribution
Press/Media: Public Engagement Activities › Popular
Prizes
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