A score to predict short-term risk of COPD exacerbations (SCOPEX)

Barry J. Make*, Goran Eriksson, Peter M. Calverley, Christine R. Jenkins, Dirkje S. Postma, Stefan Peterson, Ollie Ostlund, Antonio Anzueto

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

43 Citations (Scopus)
338 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Background: There is no clinically useful score to predict chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations. We aimed to derive this by analyzing data from three existing COPD clinical trials of budesonide/formoterol, formoterol, or placebo in patients with moderate-tovery- severe COPD and a history of exacerbations in the previous year.

Methods: Predictive variables were selected using Cox regression for time to first severe COPD exacerbation. We determined absolute risk estimates for an exacerbation by identifying variables in a binomial model, adjusting for observation time, study, and treatment. The model was further reduced to clinically useful variables and the final regression coefficients scaled to obtain risk scores of 0-100 to predict an exacerbation within 6 months. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and the corresponding C-index were used to investigate the discriminatory properties of predictive variables.

Results: The best predictors of an exacerbation in the next 6 months were more COPD maintenance medications prior to the trial, higher mean daily reliever use, more exacerbations during the previous year, lower forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio, and female sex. Using these risk variables, we developed a score to predict short-term (6-month) risk of COPD exacerbations (SCOPEX). Budesonide/formoterol reduced future exacerbation risk more than formoterol or as-needed short-acting beta(2)-agonist (salbutamol).

Conclusion: SCOPEX incorporates easily identifiable patient characteristics and can be readily applied in clinical practice to target therapy to reduce COPD exacerbations in patients at the highest risk.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)201-209
Number of pages9
JournalInternational Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Volume10
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 27-Jan-2015

Keywords

  • chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  • exacerbation
  • model
  • predictor
  • inhaled corticosteroids
  • bronchodilators
  • OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE
  • METERED-DOSE INHALER
  • HOSPITAL ADMISSION
  • CLINICAL-TRIAL
  • DEPRESSION
  • ANXIETY
  • BUDESONIDE/FORMOTEROL
  • DETERMINANTS
  • VALIDATION
  • MORTALITY

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