A statistical significance test for sea-level variability

A statistical test is presented to address the null hypothesis that sea-level fluctuations in the open ocean are solely due to additive noise in the wind stress. The effect of high-frequency wind-stress variations can be represented as a correlated additive and multiplicative noise (CAM) stochastic model of sea-level variations. The main novel aspect of this article is the estimation of parameters in the discrete CAM model from time series of sea surface height observations. This leads to a statistical test, similar to the red noise [or AR(1)] test for sea surface temperature, which can be used to attribute specific sea-level variability to other effects than wind-stress noise. We demonstrate the performance of this test using altimeter data at several locations in the open ocean.