Algorithmic bias and access to opportunities

The chapter discusses the problem of algorithmic bias in decision-making processes that determine access to opportunities, such as recidivism scores, college admission decisions, or loan scores. After describing the technical bases of algorithmic bias, it asks how to evaluate them, drawing on Iris Marion Young’s perspective of structural (in)justice. The focus is in particular on the risk of so-called ‘Matthew effects’, in which privileged individuals gain more advantages, while those who are already disadvantaged suffer further. Some proposed solutions are discussed, with an emphasis on the need to take a broad, interdisciplinary perspective rather than a purely technical perspective. The chapter also replies to the objection that private firms cannot be held responsible for addressing structural injustices and concludes by emphasizing the need for political and social action.