Ancient genomes reveal structural shifts after the arrival of Steppe-related ancestry in the Italian Peninsula

Tina Saupe*, Francesco Montinaro, Cinzia Scaggion, Nicola Carrara, Toomas Kivisild, Eugenia D’Atanasio, Ruoyun Hui, Anu Solnik, Ophélie Lebrasseur, Greger Larson, Luca Alessandri, Ilenia Arienzo, Flavio De Angelis, Mario Federico Rolfo, Robin Skeates, Letizia Silvestri, Jessica Beckett, Sahra Talamo, Andrea Dolfini, Monica MiariMait Metspalu, Stefano Benazzi, Cristian Capelli, Luca Pagani, Christiana L. Scheib*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

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Abstract

Across Europe, the genetics of the Chalcolithic/Bronze Age transition is increasingly characterized in terms of an influx of Steppe-related ancestry. The effect of this major shift on the genetic structure of populations in the Italian Peninsula remains underexplored. Here, genome-wide shotgun data for 22 individuals from commingled cave and single burials in Northeastern and Central Italy dated between 3200 and 1500 BCE provide the first genomic characterization of Bronze Age individuals (n = 8; 0.001–1.2× coverage) from the central Italian Peninsula, filling a gap in the literature between 1950 and 1500 BCE. Our study confirms a diversity of ancestry components during the Chalcolithic and the arrival of Steppe-related ancestry in the central Italian Peninsula as early as 1600 BCE, with this ancestry component increasing through time. We detect close patrilineal kinship in the burial patterns of Chalcolithic commingled cave burials and a shift away from this in the Bronze Age (2200–900 BCE) along with lowered runs of homozygosity, which may reflect larger changes in population structure. Finally, we find no evidence that the arrival of Steppe-related ancestry in Central Italy directly led to changes in frequency of 115 phenotypes present in the dataset, rather that the post-Roman Imperial period had a stronger influence, particularly on the frequency of variants associated with protection against Hansen’s disease (leprosy). Our study provides a closer look at local dynamics of demography and phenotypic shifts as they occurred as part of a broader phenomenon of widespread admixture during the Chalcolithic/Bronze Age transition.
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2576-2591.E12
Number of pages29
JournalCurrent Biology
Volume31
Issue number12
Early online date10-May-2021
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 21-Jun-2021

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