Capnocytophaga canimorsus Mycotic Aortic Aneurysm After a Dog Bite

Introduction: Mycotic aortic aneurysm is defined as dilatation of the aortic wall due to infection caused by a variety of microorganisms and is associated with high mortality rates. This case report describes a patient with a rapid growing mycotic infrarenal aneurysm caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus following a dog bite.

Report: A 61 year old male professional dog handler presented with a history of progressive abdominal pain and constitutional symptoms. He had been bitten by a Pit Bull Terrier dog that was attacking a young girl three weeks prior to the onset of complaints. Investigations revealed a mycotic infrarenal aortic aneurysm that grew 0.5 cm in only three days. Open surgical repair consisting of an infrarenal aorto-aortic bypass with a 21 mm x 15 cm bovine bioprosthesis was performed successfully. All cultures and biopsies were negative and the subsequent 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region based polymerase chain reaction (IS-pro) technique revealed C. canimorsus, a Gram negative bacterial pathogen that lives as a commensal in the gingival flora of dogs and cats that can cause a variety of severe infections, as the causative agent. Identification made it possible to treat the patient with eight weeks of intravenous followed by four weeks of oral antibiotics. At the last follow up over a year after surgery, the patient was symptom free, without infection and on ultrasound examination there were no signs of complications or aneurysm formation.

Discussion: This case highlights C. canimorsus as a rare cause of a rapid growing mycotic aortic aneurysm following a dog bite. 16S-23S rRNA profiling (IS-pro) led to the identification of the bacterial pathogen. The use of biological grafts should be considered in the management of mycotic aortic aneurysms. (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of European Society for Vascular Surgery.