Children Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence: Type of Exposure, Coping Responses and Consequences

Purpose: A growing body of literature reveals that exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) places a heavy burden on children. While the way children are exposed to IPV and their coping may be related to children’s later adjustment, there is relatively little attention to how children are exposed and cope. We identify the broad range of children’s exposure to IPV, coping responses, and potential consequences. In addition, we analyze how these patterns manifest across gender and developmental stages, and examine how these aspects co-occur. By shedding light on these diverse and complex aspects of exposure, we aim to contribute to an evidence-based overview of potential signs of IPV exposure among children. Methods: We used case files from Safe at Home, the official domestic violence agency in the Netherlands, from which it became clear that children were exposed to IPV (N = 75 children). Using a variety of sources available, such as statements from children, parents, and professionals, we provide a comprehensive overview of children’s exposure. Results: Exposure to IPV is multifaceted, with children displaying a myriad of reactions and coping responses, which are contingent upon their developmental stage. Children’s exposure, coping responses, and the observable short-term consequences of IPV exposure form a complex interplay, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention, as immediate responses may serve as indicators of coping responses and potential consequences. Conclusions: Our results provide further evidence for the diverse exposure among children exposed to IPV, and contribute to the understanding of various manifestations and the complexity of signs of exposure. In the long run, it is essential for this information to be linked to outcomes across the life course and across generations.