Corrigendum to “Development of a stable inhalable dry powder formulation with osteoglycin fragment for alveolar epithelial repair” [Int. J. Pharm. 682 (2025) 125913]

The authors regret that the figure captions were not included, they read as follows: Figure 1. Inulin preserves the functional properties of spray dried OGN fragment. A. Schematic of in vitro murine organoid experimental design including treatment with osteoglycin (OGN) fragment directly after spray drying. B. Colony forming efficiency (CFE) of murine organoids treated with spray dried OGN fragment with inulin or mannitol (mean ± SEM, N = 6, paired one-way ANOVA with Tukey test for multiple testing). C. Log of murine organoid diameter after treatment with spray dried OGN fragment with inulin or mannitol (median is shown, N = 6, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Bonferroni correction: α = 0.0167). D. Representative immunofluorescence images of stained organoids for airway-type organoids (acetylated α-tubulin (ACT), red), alveolar-type organoids (surfactant protein C (SPC), green), and Dapi (nuclei, blue). Scale = 500 µm. Organoids were treated with spray dried OGN fragment with inulin or mannitol. E. Immunohistochemistry quantification for SPC⁺, ACT⁺, SPC⁺/ACT⁺, and SPC^-/ACT^- organoids after treatment with spray dried OGN fragment with inulin or mannitol (mean ± SEM, N = 6, paired one-way ANOVA with Tukey test for multiple testing). Statistically different comparisons: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. Figure 2. Inulin preserves the biological properties of spray dried OGN fragment during storage. A. Schematic of in vitro murine organoid experimental design including treatment with spray dried OGN fragment after 28 days of storage at 60 °C and 0 % relative humidity (RH). B. CFE of murine organoids treated with spray dried OGN fragment after 28 days of storage (mean ± SEM, N = 6, paired one-way ANOVA with Tukey test for multiple testing). C. Log of murine organoid diameter after treatment with spray dried OGN fragment after 28 days of storage (median is shown, N = 6, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Bonferroni correction: α = 0.01). D. Representative immunofluorescence images of stained organoids for airway-type organoids (ACT, red), alveolar-type organoids (SPC, green), and Dapi (nuclei, blue. Scale = 500 µm. Organoids were treated with spray dried OGN fragment after 28 days of storage. E. Immunohistochemistry quantification for SPC⁺, ACT⁺, SPC⁺/ACT⁺, and SPC^-/ACT^- organoids after treatment with spray dried OGN fragment after 28 days of storage (mean ± SEM, N = 6, paired one-way ANOVA with Tukey test for multiple testing). Statistically different comparisons: *p < 0.05 and **p < 0.01. Figure 3. Spray drying with inulin with or without 4 % leucine results in raisin-like particles. A. 1000x magnification of spray dried OGN fragment with inulin. Scale = 10 μm. B. 5000x magnification of spray dried OGN fragment with inulin. Scale = 5 μm. C. 1000x magnification of spray dried OGN fragment with inulin and 4 % leucine. Scale = 10 μm. D. 5000x magnification of spray dried OGN fragment with inulin and 4 % leucine. Scale = 5 μm. Figure 4. Spray drying OGN fragment with inulin and inulin 4 % leucine results in a formulation with suitable primary particle size characteristics for inhalation. A. Size (X50) in µm for OGN fragment spray dried with inulin with and without 4 % leucine. Sample was measured directly after spray drying (0 day) and after 28 days of storage at 60 °C and 0 % RH, average ± SD, N = 3. B. Fraction < 5 µm for OGN fragment spray dried with inulin and inulin 4 % leucine. Sample is measured directly after spray drying (0 day) and after 28 days of storage at 60 °C and 0 % RH, average ± SD, N = 3. Statistically different comparisons: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. Figure 5. Spray drying the OGN fragment with inulin and inulin leucine results in an inhalable dry powder from the Cyclops® DPI. The dispersion behavior of spray dried OGN fragment with inulin or with inulin 4 % leucine was examined directly upon spray drying, and after 28 days of storage at 60 °C and 0 % RH. After 28 days the dispersion behavior of spray dried OGN fragment with inulin was examined in combination with inulin sweeper particles, while the dispersion behavior of spray dried OGN fragment with inulin 4 % leucine was examined without inulin sweeper particles. A. Size of the aerosol (X50) in µm, average ± SD, N = 3. B. Fine particle fraction below 5 µm, average ± SD, N = 3. C. Retention, dry powder that remains in the Cyclops® DPI after dispersion, average ± SD, N = 3. D. Inhaled dose (mg), emitted dose with a geometrical diameter below 5 µm, average ± SD, N = 3. Statistically different comparisons: *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, and ****p < 0.0001. Figure 6. Spray drying the OGN fragment with inulin and inulin 4 % leucine results in an inhalable dry powder suitable for deep lung deposition. Spray dried OGN fragment together with inulin (+ sweeper particles) or inulin and 4 % leucine were analyzed under a 4 kPa pressure drop. The data presented reflects the average deposition on each impactor stage following dispersion from the Cyclops® DPI, expressed as a percentage of the metered dose. Since the cut-off size of the NGI is flow rate dependent, the data is presented in terms of aerodynamic diameter cut-off instead of stage number. Stage 1 = 8.91 μm, stage 2 = 4.91 μm, stage 3 = 3.09 μm, stage 4 = 1.80 μm, stage 5 = 1.04 μm, stage 6 = 0.61 μm and stage 7 = 0.39 μm. Powder deposition is shown in percentage (%). inh. ret: inhaler retention; ind. port: induction port; MOC: micro-orifice collector. Fine particle fraction (FPF) of the emitted dose. Average ± SD, N = 3. This article corrects DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2025.125913 The authors would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.