Day-to-day affect fluctuations in adults with childhood trauma history: a two-week ecological momentary assessment study

Erika Kuzminskaite*, Christiaan H Vinkers, Arnout C Smit, Wouter van Ballegooijen, Bernet M Elzinga, Harriëtte Riese, Yuri Milaneschi, Brenda W J H Penninx

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

48 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Childhood trauma (CT) may increase vulnerability to psychopathology through affective dysregulation (greater variability, autocorrelation, and instability of emotional symptoms). However, CT associations with dynamic affect fluctuations while considering differences in mean affect levels across CT status have been understudied.

METHODS: 346 adults (age = 49.25 ± 12.55, 67.0% female) from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety participated in ecological momentary assessment. Positive and negative affect (PA, NA) were measured five times per day for two weeks by electronic diaries. Retrospectively-reported CT included emotional neglect and emotional/physical/sexual abuse. Linear regressions determined associations between CT and affect fluctuations, controlling for age, sex, education, and mean affect levels.

RESULTS: Compared to those without CT, individuals with CT reported significantly lower mean PA levels (Cohen's d = -0.620) and higher mean NA levels ( d = 0.556) throughout the two weeks. CT was linked to significantly greater PA variability ( d = 0.336), NA variability ( d = 0.353), and NA autocorrelation ( d = 0.308), with strongest effects for individuals reporting higher CT scores. However, these effects were entirely explained by differences in mean affect levels between the CT groups. Findings suggested consistency of results in adults with and without lifetime depressive/anxiety disorders and across CT types, with sexual abuse showing the smallest effects.

CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with CT show greater affective dysregulation during the two-week monitoring of emotional symptoms, likely due to their consistently lower PA and higher NA levels. It is essential to consider mean affect level when interpreting the impact of CT on affect dynamics.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1160–1171
Number of pages12
JournalPsychological Medicine
Volume54
Issue number6
Early online date9-Oct-2023
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - Apr-2024

Fingerprint

Dive into the research topics of 'Day-to-day affect fluctuations in adults with childhood trauma history: a two-week ecological momentary assessment study'. Together they form a unique fingerprint.

Cite this