TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary sodium and fluid intake in heart failure. A clinical consensus statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC
AU - Mullens, Wilfried
AU - Damman, Kevin
AU - Dhont, Sebastiaan
AU - Banerjee, Debasish
AU - Bayes-Genis, Antoni
AU - Cannata, Antonio
AU - Chioncel, Ovidiu
AU - Cikes, Maja
AU - Ezekowitz, Justin
AU - Flammer, Andreas J.
AU - Martens, Pieter
AU - Mebazaa, Alexandre
AU - Mentz, Robert J.
AU - Miró, Òscar
AU - Moura, Brenda
AU - Nunez, Julio
AU - Ter Maaten, Jozine M.
AU - Testani, Jeffrey
AU - van Kimmenade, Roland
AU - Verbrugge, Frederik H.
AU - Metra, Marco
AU - Rosano, Giuseppe M.C.
AU - Filippatos, Gerasimos
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 European Society of Cardiology.
PY - 2024/4/12
Y1 - 2024/4/12
N2 - Sodium and fluid restriction has traditionally been advocated in patients with heart failure (HF) due to their sodium and water avid state. However, most evidence regarding the altered sodium handling, fluid homeostasis and congestion-related signs and symptoms in patients with HF originates from untreated patient cohorts and physiological investigations. Recent data challenge the beneficial role of dietary sodium and fluid restriction in HF. Consequently, the European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines have gradually downgraded these recommendations over time, now advising for the limitation of salt intake to no more than 5 g/day in patients with HF, while contemplating fluid restriction of 1.5–2 L/day only in selected patients. Therefore, the objective of this clinical consensus statement is to provide advice on fluid and sodium intake in patients with acute and chronic HF, based on contemporary evidence and expert opinion.
AB - Sodium and fluid restriction has traditionally been advocated in patients with heart failure (HF) due to their sodium and water avid state. However, most evidence regarding the altered sodium handling, fluid homeostasis and congestion-related signs and symptoms in patients with HF originates from untreated patient cohorts and physiological investigations. Recent data challenge the beneficial role of dietary sodium and fluid restriction in HF. Consequently, the European Society of Cardiology HF guidelines have gradually downgraded these recommendations over time, now advising for the limitation of salt intake to no more than 5 g/day in patients with HF, while contemplating fluid restriction of 1.5–2 L/day only in selected patients. Therefore, the objective of this clinical consensus statement is to provide advice on fluid and sodium intake in patients with acute and chronic HF, based on contemporary evidence and expert opinion.
KW - Fluid
KW - Heart failure
KW - Sodium
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85190251933&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/ejhf.3244
DO - 10.1002/ejhf.3244
M3 - Article
C2 - 38606657
AN - SCOPUS:85190251933
SN - 1388-9842
VL - 26
SP - 730
EP - 741
JO - European Journal of Heart Failure
JF - European Journal of Heart Failure
IS - 4
ER -