Economic evaluations of non-traditional vaccinations in middle-income countries: Indonesia as a reference case

Despite its continuously increasing economic level, the introduction of non-traditional vaccines in Indonesia is still facing many challenges. This study proposes a framework on introducing non-traditional vaccines in Indonesia by using two reference cases of rotavirus and hepatitis A immunization. Given its relatively limited immunization budget, the implementation of non-traditional vaccines in Indonesia appears to be strongly dependent on the finance arrangement of the immunization programs. New sources of development financing are required to be pushed to ensure the sustainability of new additional programs. Identifying barriers and choosing financial plans are fundamental aspects in the health sector, and should be fully integrated into the EPI’s planning and management in Indonesia.