TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhancing Cardiovascular Risk Prediction with a Simplified Carotid IMT Protocol
T2 - Evidence from the IMPROVE Study
AU - IMPROVE Study Group
AU - Veglia, Fabrizio
AU - Malagoni, Anna Maria
AU - Amato, Mauro
AU - Strawbridge, Rona J
AU - Savonen, Kai
AU - Giral, Philippe
AU - Gallo, Antonio
AU - Pirro, Matteo
AU - Gigante, Bruna
AU - Eriksson, Per
AU - Mulder, Douwe J
AU - Frigerio, Beatrice
AU - Sansaro, Daniela
AU - Ravani, Alessio
AU - Coggi, Daniela
AU - Baetta, Roberta
AU - Capra, Nicolò
AU - Tremoli, Elena
AU - Baldassarre, Damiano
PY - 2025/2/26
Y1 - 2025/2/26
N2 - Background/Objectives: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has long been used as an index of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its role as a risk modifier in cardiovascular (CV) risk optimization has recently been questioned due to methodological problems, such as lack of protocol standardization and scanning difficulties. In this multicentre, longitudinal, and observational study, we tested the predictive ability of two new CIMT variables detectable with a simplified, quick, and easy-to-standardize protocol.Methods: CIMT was measured in 3165 subjects from six centers, in five European countries, belonging to the IMPROVE study. The two variables tested were the average of two maximal CIMT measures taken, from a single angle, in the right and left common carotids (1CC-IMT mean-of-2-max) or bifurcations (BIF-IMT mean-of-2-max). The ability to predict CV events, on top of the SCORE2/SCORE2-OP risk algorithm, was quantified by the time-dependent increase in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC).Results: During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 367 cardio-, cerebro-, and peripheral-vascular events were registered. Both CIMT variables tested were associated with CV risk, but 1CC-IMT mean-of-2-max was also able to significantly increase the ROC AUC over the risk score (+0.017, p = 0.014). The result was stable after running several sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: 1CC-IMT mean-of-2-max is able to significantly improve the predictive capacity of SCORE2/SCORE2-OP. Being based on a simple and easily standardized measurement protocol, this new variable is a promising candidate for application in mass screening and risk assessment in primary prevention.
AB - Background/Objectives: Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) has long been used as an index of subclinical atherosclerosis, but its role as a risk modifier in cardiovascular (CV) risk optimization has recently been questioned due to methodological problems, such as lack of protocol standardization and scanning difficulties. In this multicentre, longitudinal, and observational study, we tested the predictive ability of two new CIMT variables detectable with a simplified, quick, and easy-to-standardize protocol.Methods: CIMT was measured in 3165 subjects from six centers, in five European countries, belonging to the IMPROVE study. The two variables tested were the average of two maximal CIMT measures taken, from a single angle, in the right and left common carotids (1CC-IMT mean-of-2-max) or bifurcations (BIF-IMT mean-of-2-max). The ability to predict CV events, on top of the SCORE2/SCORE2-OP risk algorithm, was quantified by the time-dependent increase in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC).Results: During a median follow-up of 7.1 years, 367 cardio-, cerebro-, and peripheral-vascular events were registered. Both CIMT variables tested were associated with CV risk, but 1CC-IMT mean-of-2-max was also able to significantly increase the ROC AUC over the risk score (+0.017, p = 0.014). The result was stable after running several sensitivity analyses.Conclusions: 1CC-IMT mean-of-2-max is able to significantly improve the predictive capacity of SCORE2/SCORE2-OP. Being based on a simple and easily standardized measurement protocol, this new variable is a promising candidate for application in mass screening and risk assessment in primary prevention.
U2 - 10.3390/biomedicines13030584
DO - 10.3390/biomedicines13030584
M3 - Article
C2 - 40149561
SN - 2227-9059
VL - 13
JO - Biomedicines
JF - Biomedicines
IS - 3
M1 - 584
ER -