First results of Herschel-PACS observations of Neptune

E. Lellouch; P. Hartogh; H. Feuchtgruber; B. Vandenbussche; Th. de Graauw; R. Moreno; C. Jarchow; T. Cavalie; G. Orton; M. Banaszkiewicz; M. I. Blecka; D. Bockelee-Morvan; J. Crovisier; T. Encrenaz; T. Fulton; M. Kueppers; L. M. Lara; D. C. Lis; A. S. Medvedev; M. Rengel; H. Sagawa; B. Swinyard; S. Szutowicz; F. Bensch; E. Bergin; F. Billebaud; N. Biver; G. A. Blake; J. A. D. L. Blommaert; J. Cernicharo; R. Courtin; G. R. Davis; L. Decin; P. Encrenaz; A. Gonzalez; E. Jehin; M. Kidger; D. Naylor; G. Portyankina; R. Schieder; S. Sidher; N. Thomas; M. de Val-Borro; E. Verdugo; C. Waelkens; H. Aarts; C. Comito; J. H. Kawamura; A. Maestrini; T. Peacocke; R. Teipen; T. Tils; K. Wildeman; H. Walker; G.A. Blake

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014600

First results of Herschel-PACS observations of Neptune

E. Lellouch^*, P. Hartogh, H. Feuchtgruber, B. Vandenbussche, Th. de Graauw, R. Moreno, C. Jarchow, T. Cavalie, G. Orton, M. Banaszkiewicz, M. I. Blecka, D. Bockelee-Morvan, J. Crovisier, T. Encrenaz, T. Fulton, M. Kueppers, L. M. Lara, D. C. Lis, A. S. Medvedev, M. RengelH. Sagawa, B. Swinyard, S. Szutowicz, F. Bensch, E. Bergin, F. Billebaud, N. Biver, G. A. Blake, J. A. D. L. Blommaert, J. Cernicharo, R. Courtin, G. R. Davis, L. Decin, P. Encrenaz, A. Gonzalez, E. Jehin, M. Kidger, D. Naylor, G. Portyankina, R. Schieder, S. Sidher, N. Thomas, M. de Val-Borro, E. Verdugo, C. Waelkens, H. Aarts, C. Comito, J. H. Kawamura, A. Maestrini, T. Peacocke, R. Teipen, T. Tils, K. Wildeman, H. Walker, G.A. Blake

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Abstract

We report on the initial analysis of a Herschel-PACS full range spectrum of Neptune, covering the 51-220 mu m range with a mean resolving power of similar to 3000, and complemented by a dedicated observation of CH(4) at 120 mu m. Numerous spectral features due to HD (R(0) and R(1)), H(2)O, CH(4), and CO are present, but so far no new species have been found. Our results indicate that (i) Neptune's mean thermal profile is warmer by similar to 3 K than inferred from the Voyager radio-occultation; (ii) the D/H mixing ratio is (4.5 +/- 1) x 10(-5), confirming the enrichment of Neptune in deuterium over the protosolar value (similar to 2.1 x 10(-5)); (iii) the CH(4) mixing ratio in the mid stratosphere is (1.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3), and CH(4) appears to decrease in the lower stratosphere at a rate consistent with local saturation, in agreement with the scenario of CH(4) stratospheric injection from Neptune's warm south polar region; (iv) the H(2)O stratospheric column is (2.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(14) cm(-2) but its vertical distribution is still to be determined, so the H(2)O external flux remains uncertain by over an order of magnitude; and (v) the CO stratospheric abundance is about twice the tropospheric value, confirming the dual origin of CO suspected from ground-based millimeter/submillimeter observations.

Original language	English
Article number	152
Number of pages	4
Journal	Astronomy & Astrophysics
Volume	518
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014600
Publication status	Published - 2010

Keywords

planets and satellites: atmospheres
planets and satellites: individual: Neptune
planets and satellites: composition
techniques: spectroscopic
GIANT PLANETS
ABUNDANCE
ATMOSPHERES
URANUS

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Lellouch, E., Hartogh, P., Feuchtgruber, H., Vandenbussche, B., de Graauw, T., Moreno, R., Jarchow, C., Cavalie, T., Orton, G., Banaszkiewicz, M., Blecka, M. I., Bockelee-Morvan, D., Crovisier, J., Encrenaz, T., Fulton, T., Kueppers, M., Lara, L. M., Lis, D. C., Medvedev, A. S., ... Blake, G. A. (2010). First results of Herschel-PACS observations of Neptune. Astronomy & Astrophysics, 518, Article 152. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014600

@article{680028bcc9094327b2ff9142d2399e29,

title = "First results of Herschel-PACS observations of Neptune",

abstract = "We report on the initial analysis of a Herschel-PACS full range spectrum of Neptune, covering the 51-220 mu m range with a mean resolving power of similar to 3000, and complemented by a dedicated observation of CH(4) at 120 mu m. Numerous spectral features due to HD (R(0) and R(1)), H(2)O, CH(4), and CO are present, but so far no new species have been found. Our results indicate that (i) Neptune's mean thermal profile is warmer by similar to 3 K than inferred from the Voyager radio-occultation; (ii) the D/H mixing ratio is (4.5 +/- 1) x 10(-5), confirming the enrichment of Neptune in deuterium over the protosolar value (similar to 2.1 x 10(-5)); (iii) the CH(4) mixing ratio in the mid stratosphere is (1.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3), and CH(4) appears to decrease in the lower stratosphere at a rate consistent with local saturation, in agreement with the scenario of CH(4) stratospheric injection from Neptune's warm south polar region; (iv) the H(2)O stratospheric column is (2.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(14) cm(-2) but its vertical distribution is still to be determined, so the H(2)O external flux remains uncertain by over an order of magnitude; and (v) the CO stratospheric abundance is about twice the tropospheric value, confirming the dual origin of CO suspected from ground-based millimeter/submillimeter observations.",

keywords = "planets and satellites: atmospheres, planets and satellites: individual: Neptune, planets and satellites: composition, techniques: spectroscopic, GIANT PLANETS, ABUNDANCE, ATMOSPHERES, URANUS",

author = "E. Lellouch and P. Hartogh and H. Feuchtgruber and B. Vandenbussche and {de Graauw}, Th. and R. Moreno and C. Jarchow and T. Cavalie and G. Orton and M. Banaszkiewicz and Blecka, {M. I.} and D. Bockelee-Morvan and J. Crovisier and T. Encrenaz and T. Fulton and M. Kueppers and Lara, {L. M.} and Lis, {D. C.} and Medvedev, {A. S.} and M. Rengel and H. Sagawa and B. Swinyard and S. Szutowicz and F. Bensch and E. Bergin and F. Billebaud and N. Biver and Blake, {G. A.} and Blommaert, {J. A. D. L.} and J. Cernicharo and R. Courtin and Davis, {G. R.} and L. Decin and P. Encrenaz and A. Gonzalez and E. Jehin and M. Kidger and D. Naylor and G. Portyankina and R. Schieder and S. Sidher and N. Thomas and {de Val-Borro}, M. and E. Verdugo and C. Waelkens and H. Aarts and C. Comito and Kawamura, {J. H.} and A. Maestrini and T. Peacocke and R. Teipen and T. Tils and K. Wildeman and H. Walker and G.A. Blake",

year = "2010",

doi = "10.1051/0004-6361/201014600",

language = "English",

volume = "518",

journal = "Astronomy & Astrophysics",

issn = "0004-6361",

publisher = " EDP Sciences",

}

Lellouch, E, Hartogh, P, Feuchtgruber, H, Vandenbussche, B, de Graauw, T, Moreno, R, Jarchow, C, Cavalie, T, Orton, G, Banaszkiewicz, M, Blecka, MI, Bockelee-Morvan, D, Crovisier, J, Encrenaz, T, Fulton, T, Kueppers, M, Lara, LM, Lis, DC, Medvedev, AS, Rengel, M, Sagawa, H, Swinyard, B, Szutowicz, S, Bensch, F, Bergin, E, Billebaud, F, Biver, N, Blake, GA, Blommaert, JADL, Cernicharo, J, Courtin, R, Davis, GR, Decin, L, Encrenaz, P, Gonzalez, A, Jehin, E, Kidger, M, Naylor, D, Portyankina, G, Schieder, R, Sidher, S, Thomas, N, de Val-Borro, M, Verdugo, E, Waelkens, C, Aarts, H, Comito, C, Kawamura, JH, Maestrini, A, Peacocke, T, Teipen, R, Tils, T, Wildeman, K, Walker, H & Blake, GA 2010, 'First results of Herschel-PACS observations of Neptune', Astronomy & Astrophysics, vol. 518, 152. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201014600

TY - JOUR

T1 - First results of Herschel-PACS observations of Neptune

AU - Lellouch, E.

AU - Hartogh, P.

AU - Feuchtgruber, H.

AU - Vandenbussche, B.

AU - de Graauw, Th.

AU - Moreno, R.

AU - Jarchow, C.

AU - Cavalie, T.

AU - Orton, G.

AU - Banaszkiewicz, M.

AU - Blecka, M. I.

AU - Bockelee-Morvan, D.

AU - Crovisier, J.

AU - Encrenaz, T.

AU - Fulton, T.

AU - Kueppers, M.

AU - Lara, L. M.

AU - Lis, D. C.

AU - Medvedev, A. S.

AU - Rengel, M.

AU - Sagawa, H.

AU - Swinyard, B.

AU - Szutowicz, S.

AU - Bensch, F.

AU - Bergin, E.

AU - Billebaud, F.

AU - Biver, N.

AU - Blake, G. A.

AU - Blommaert, J. A. D. L.

AU - Cernicharo, J.

AU - Courtin, R.

AU - Davis, G. R.

AU - Decin, L.

AU - Encrenaz, P.

AU - Gonzalez, A.

AU - Jehin, E.

AU - Kidger, M.

AU - Naylor, D.

AU - Portyankina, G.

AU - Schieder, R.

AU - Sidher, S.

AU - Thomas, N.

AU - de Val-Borro, M.

AU - Verdugo, E.

AU - Waelkens, C.

AU - Aarts, H.

AU - Comito, C.

AU - Kawamura, J. H.

AU - Maestrini, A.

AU - Peacocke, T.

AU - Teipen, R.

AU - Tils, T.

AU - Wildeman, K.

AU - Walker, H.

AU - Blake, G.A.

PY - 2010

Y1 - 2010

N2 - We report on the initial analysis of a Herschel-PACS full range spectrum of Neptune, covering the 51-220 mu m range with a mean resolving power of similar to 3000, and complemented by a dedicated observation of CH(4) at 120 mu m. Numerous spectral features due to HD (R(0) and R(1)), H(2)O, CH(4), and CO are present, but so far no new species have been found. Our results indicate that (i) Neptune's mean thermal profile is warmer by similar to 3 K than inferred from the Voyager radio-occultation; (ii) the D/H mixing ratio is (4.5 +/- 1) x 10(-5), confirming the enrichment of Neptune in deuterium over the protosolar value (similar to 2.1 x 10(-5)); (iii) the CH(4) mixing ratio in the mid stratosphere is (1.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3), and CH(4) appears to decrease in the lower stratosphere at a rate consistent with local saturation, in agreement with the scenario of CH(4) stratospheric injection from Neptune's warm south polar region; (iv) the H(2)O stratospheric column is (2.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(14) cm(-2) but its vertical distribution is still to be determined, so the H(2)O external flux remains uncertain by over an order of magnitude; and (v) the CO stratospheric abundance is about twice the tropospheric value, confirming the dual origin of CO suspected from ground-based millimeter/submillimeter observations.

AB - We report on the initial analysis of a Herschel-PACS full range spectrum of Neptune, covering the 51-220 mu m range with a mean resolving power of similar to 3000, and complemented by a dedicated observation of CH(4) at 120 mu m. Numerous spectral features due to HD (R(0) and R(1)), H(2)O, CH(4), and CO are present, but so far no new species have been found. Our results indicate that (i) Neptune's mean thermal profile is warmer by similar to 3 K than inferred from the Voyager radio-occultation; (ii) the D/H mixing ratio is (4.5 +/- 1) x 10(-5), confirming the enrichment of Neptune in deuterium over the protosolar value (similar to 2.1 x 10(-5)); (iii) the CH(4) mixing ratio in the mid stratosphere is (1.5 +/- 0.2) x 10(-3), and CH(4) appears to decrease in the lower stratosphere at a rate consistent with local saturation, in agreement with the scenario of CH(4) stratospheric injection from Neptune's warm south polar region; (iv) the H(2)O stratospheric column is (2.1 +/- 0.5) x 10(14) cm(-2) but its vertical distribution is still to be determined, so the H(2)O external flux remains uncertain by over an order of magnitude; and (v) the CO stratospheric abundance is about twice the tropospheric value, confirming the dual origin of CO suspected from ground-based millimeter/submillimeter observations.

KW - planets and satellites: atmospheres

KW - planets and satellites: individual: Neptune

KW - planets and satellites: composition

KW - techniques: spectroscopic

KW - GIANT PLANETS

KW - ABUNDANCE

KW - ATMOSPHERES

KW - URANUS

U2 - 10.1051/0004-6361/201014600

DO - 10.1051/0004-6361/201014600

M3 - Article

SN - 0004-6361

VL - 518

JO - Astronomy & Astrophysics

JF - Astronomy & Astrophysics

M1 - 152

ER -

First results of Herschel-PACS observations of Neptune

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Keywords

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