Fluorescently labelled monoclonal antibodies for real-time molecular imaging: pharmaceutical development of near-infrared tracers and their application in clinical settings

Fluorescent molecular imaging is a novel technique that utilizes light rather than radiation for imaging specific cells and tissues based on their molecular properties. The high resolution of the images and the immediately visible feedback of the fluorescent signal make this form of imaging ideal for use in surgical or endoscopic procedures. To apply this technique in the clinic, tracers developed and produced according to "Good Manufacturing Practice" are required. This thesis provides an overview of the path from the initial laboratory experiments to clinical-grade manufacturing and application in humans. Multiple tracers were developed, produced for human use, and used in clinical trials for cancer. The final part of the thesis investigates new branches of tracer research within immunotherapy and gastro-enterology.