Gas chromatographic quadrupole time-of-flight full scan high resolution mass spectrometric screening of human urine in antidoping analysis

Wadha Abushareeda, Emmanouil Lyris, Suhail Kraiem, Aisha Al Wahaibi, Sameera Alyazidi, Najib Dbes, Arjen Lommen, Michel Nielen, Peter L. Horvatovich, Mohammed Alsayrafi, Costas Georgakopoulos*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

33 Citations (Scopus)
155 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

This paper presents the development and validation of a high-resolution full scan (FS) electron impact ionization (EI) gas chromatography coupled to quadrupole Time-of-Flight mass spectrometry (GC/QTOF) platform for screening anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in human urine samples. The World Antidoping Agency (WADA) enlists AAS as prohibited doping agents in sports, and our method has been developed to comply with the qualitative specifications of WADA to be applied for the detection of sports antidoping prohibited substances, mainly for AAS. The method also comprises of the quantitative analysis of the WADA's Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) endogenous steroidal parameters. The applied preparation of urine samples includes enzymatic hydrolysis for the cleavage of the Phase II glucuronide conjugates, generic liquid liquid extraction and trimethylsilyl (TMS) derivatization steps. Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) acquisition was applied on few selected ions to enhance the specificity and sensitivity of GC/TOF signal of few compounds. The full scan high resolution acquisition of analytical signal, for known and unknown TMS derivatives of AAS provides the anti doping system with a new analytical tool for the detection designer drugs and novel metabolites, which prolongs the AAS detection, after electronic data files' reprocessing. The current method is complementary to the respective liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methodology widely used to detect prohibited molecules in sport, which cannot be efficiently ionized with atmospheric pressure ionization interface.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)74-83
Number of pages10
JournalJournal of Chromatography B-Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical and Life Sciences
Volume1063
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 15-Sept-2017

Keywords

  • Anabolic steroids
  • Full scan high resolution
  • Gas chromatography
  • Human urine
  • Mass spectrometry
  • athlete
  • conjugate
  • controlled clinical trial
  • controlled study
  • derivatization
  • diagnostic test accuracy study
  • doping
  • enzymatic degradation
  • extraction
  • gas chromatography
  • human
  • human experiment
  • human tissue
  • hydrolysis
  • liquid chromatography
  • metabolite
  • phase 2 clinical trial
  • quantitative analysis
  • remission
  • screening
  • sensitivity and specificity
  • tandem mass spectrometry
  • time of flight mass spectrometry
  • urine sampling
  • validation process
  • anabolic agent
  • designer drug
  • ion
  • trimethylsilyl derivative

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