TY - JOUR
T1 - Habitat banking and its challenges in a densely populated country
T2 - The case of the Netherlands
AU - Gorissen, Mechtilde M.J.
AU - van der Heide, C. Martijn
AU - Schaminée, Johannes H.J.
N1 - Funding Information:
Grant information: This research was funded by the E-PASS Project and WCS-Indonesia Program for fieldwork and collecting samples in North Sulawesi, and by Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta for laboratory work. The research permit was granted by the Indonesia Ministry of Environment and Forestry (SK. 126/KSDAE/SET/KSA.2/3/2018) and complied with the University’s Ethics guidelines.
Funding Information:
This research was funded by the E-PASS Project and WCS-Indonesia Program for fieldwork and collecting samples in North Sulawesi, and by Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta for laboratory work. The research permit was granted by the Indonesia Ministry of Environment and Forestry (SK. 126/KSDAE/SET/KSA.2/3/2018) and complied with the University?s Ethics guidelines.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 by the authors.
PY - 2020/5/1
Y1 - 2020/5/1
N2 - Due to a growing population, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture, the quality of nature and biodiversity globally has decreased enormously. This also applies to The Netherlands. Habitat banking is a market-based instrument for nature conservation and sustainable development to counteract this decrease. We analyze under which conditions habitat banking can indeed offer possibilities and opportunities for improving biodiversity, nature conservation and sustainable development in The Netherlands. For this, we first identify the shortcomings of mandatory nature compensation in The Netherlands and link them to current innovations in Dutch nature policy. In addition, we investigate three necessary instruments for a successful habitat banking system: (1) a system for nature valuation, (2) a method for creating ecological opportunity maps, and (3) the institutional setting in which habitat banking can be operationalized. We conclude that habitat banking contributes to solving the problems for nature and biodiversity and to sustainable development in The Netherlands, provided that this is primarily addressed (i) in the domain of voluntary nature compensation, (ii) in bottom-up pilots for integrated area development (in this article shortly referred to as area pilots) where the widest possible range of owners and users of these areas is involved, (iii) in a context of participatory decision-making and (iv) learning and experiment en route to social-ecological systems (SESs). To actually realize the added value of habitat banking for The Netherlands, further scientific research is required to collect and analyze empirical data from relevant stakeholders.
AB - Due to a growing population, urbanization, industrialization and agriculture, the quality of nature and biodiversity globally has decreased enormously. This also applies to The Netherlands. Habitat banking is a market-based instrument for nature conservation and sustainable development to counteract this decrease. We analyze under which conditions habitat banking can indeed offer possibilities and opportunities for improving biodiversity, nature conservation and sustainable development in The Netherlands. For this, we first identify the shortcomings of mandatory nature compensation in The Netherlands and link them to current innovations in Dutch nature policy. In addition, we investigate three necessary instruments for a successful habitat banking system: (1) a system for nature valuation, (2) a method for creating ecological opportunity maps, and (3) the institutional setting in which habitat banking can be operationalized. We conclude that habitat banking contributes to solving the problems for nature and biodiversity and to sustainable development in The Netherlands, provided that this is primarily addressed (i) in the domain of voluntary nature compensation, (ii) in bottom-up pilots for integrated area development (in this article shortly referred to as area pilots) where the widest possible range of owners and users of these areas is involved, (iii) in a context of participatory decision-making and (iv) learning and experiment en route to social-ecological systems (SESs). To actually realize the added value of habitat banking for The Netherlands, further scientific research is required to collect and analyze empirical data from relevant stakeholders.
KW - Evolving human-nature relationships
KW - Habitat banking
KW - Integral area development
KW - Nature compensation
KW - Socialization of nature
KW - Socio-ecological learning
KW - Sustainable development
KW - Voluntary compensation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85085291115&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/su12093756
DO - 10.3390/su12093756
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85085291115
SN - 2071-1050
VL - 12
JO - Sustainability
JF - Sustainability
IS - 9
M1 - 3756
ER -