Interphase and random nanoscale carbide precipitation in vanadium micro-alloyed steels studied using SANS

Zamran Zahoor Khan; Steven R. Parnell; S. Erik Offerman; Diego Alba Venero; Amir Sabet Ghorabaei; Bart J. Kooi; Niels van Dijk

doi:10.1007/s10853-025-10864-z

Interphase and random nanoscale carbide precipitation in vanadium micro-alloyed steels studied using SANS

Zamran Zahoor Khan^*, Steven R. Parnell, S. Erik Offerman, Diego Alba Venero, Amir Sabet Ghorabaei, Bart J. Kooi, Niels van Dijk

^*Corresponding author for this work

Nanostructured Materials and Interfaces

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Abstract

The formation of nanoscale vanadium carbide (VC) precipitates is reported in steels subjected to two different thermal treatments. The thermal treatments lead to either interphase precipitation (IP) or random precipitation (RP). Small-angle neutron scattering measurements coupled with transmission electron microscopy analysis are performed to determine the VC precipitate volume fraction and size distribution. It is seen that the samples exhibiting IP show a higher number density of VC precipitates compared to those undergoing RP. Moreover, a broader size distribution of the precipitate radii is observed in the samples with RP, where lens-shaped nanoscale VC precipitates are found predominantly at grain boundaries (GBs) and sub-grain boundaries (SGBs), with smaller precipitates dispersed within the matrix. It is seen that the addition of carbon and vanadium does not increase the VC precipitate number density when the mechanism of precipitation is IP, whereas an increase in the VC precipitate number density with carbon and vanadium addition is seen in case of RP.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	7002-7019
Number of pages	18
Journal	Journal of Materials Science
Volume	60
Issue number	16
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-025-10864-z
Publication status	Published - Apr-2025

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title = "Interphase and random nanoscale carbide precipitation in vanadium micro-alloyed steels studied using SANS",

abstract = "The formation of nanoscale vanadium carbide (VC) precipitates is reported in steels subjected to two different thermal treatments. The thermal treatments lead to either interphase precipitation (IP) or random precipitation (RP). Small-angle neutron scattering measurements coupled with transmission electron microscopy analysis are performed to determine the VC precipitate volume fraction and size distribution. It is seen that the samples exhibiting IP show a higher number density of VC precipitates compared to those undergoing RP. Moreover, a broader size distribution of the precipitate radii is observed in the samples with RP, where lens-shaped nanoscale VC precipitates are found predominantly at grain boundaries (GBs) and sub-grain boundaries (SGBs), with smaller precipitates dispersed within the matrix. It is seen that the addition of carbon and vanadium does not increase the VC precipitate number density when the mechanism of precipitation is IP, whereas an increase in the VC precipitate number density with carbon and vanadium addition is seen in case of RP.",

author = "Khan, \{Zamran Zahoor\} and Parnell, \{Steven R.\} and Offerman, \{S. Erik\} and Venero, \{Diego Alba\} and Ghorabaei, \{Amir Sabet\} and Kooi, \{Bart J.\} and \{van Dijk\}, Niels",

note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} The Author(s) 2025.",

year = "2025",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1007/s10853-025-10864-z",

language = "English",

volume = "60",

pages = "7002--7019",

journal = "Journal of Materials Science",

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T1 - Interphase and random nanoscale carbide precipitation in vanadium micro-alloyed steels studied using SANS

AU - Khan, Zamran Zahoor

AU - Parnell, Steven R.

AU - Offerman, S. Erik

AU - Venero, Diego Alba

AU - Ghorabaei, Amir Sabet

AU - Kooi, Bart J.

AU - van Dijk, Niels

PY - 2025/4

Y1 - 2025/4

N2 - The formation of nanoscale vanadium carbide (VC) precipitates is reported in steels subjected to two different thermal treatments. The thermal treatments lead to either interphase precipitation (IP) or random precipitation (RP). Small-angle neutron scattering measurements coupled with transmission electron microscopy analysis are performed to determine the VC precipitate volume fraction and size distribution. It is seen that the samples exhibiting IP show a higher number density of VC precipitates compared to those undergoing RP. Moreover, a broader size distribution of the precipitate radii is observed in the samples with RP, where lens-shaped nanoscale VC precipitates are found predominantly at grain boundaries (GBs) and sub-grain boundaries (SGBs), with smaller precipitates dispersed within the matrix. It is seen that the addition of carbon and vanadium does not increase the VC precipitate number density when the mechanism of precipitation is IP, whereas an increase in the VC precipitate number density with carbon and vanadium addition is seen in case of RP.

AB - The formation of nanoscale vanadium carbide (VC) precipitates is reported in steels subjected to two different thermal treatments. The thermal treatments lead to either interphase precipitation (IP) or random precipitation (RP). Small-angle neutron scattering measurements coupled with transmission electron microscopy analysis are performed to determine the VC precipitate volume fraction and size distribution. It is seen that the samples exhibiting IP show a higher number density of VC precipitates compared to those undergoing RP. Moreover, a broader size distribution of the precipitate radii is observed in the samples with RP, where lens-shaped nanoscale VC precipitates are found predominantly at grain boundaries (GBs) and sub-grain boundaries (SGBs), with smaller precipitates dispersed within the matrix. It is seen that the addition of carbon and vanadium does not increase the VC precipitate number density when the mechanism of precipitation is IP, whereas an increase in the VC precipitate number density with carbon and vanadium addition is seen in case of RP.

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DO - 10.1007/s10853-025-10864-z

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SN - 0022-2461

VL - 60

SP - 7002

EP - 7019

JO - Journal of Materials Science

JF - Journal of Materials Science

IS - 16

ER -

Interphase and random nanoscale carbide precipitation in vanadium micro-alloyed steels studied using SANS

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