@article{f42a405deeaa42d08be25ec9255588e1,
title = "Microbiome and environment explain the absence of correlations between consumers and their diet in Bornean microsnails",
abstract = "Classical ecological theory posits that species partition resources such that each species occupies a unique resource niche. In general, the availability of more resources allows more species to co-occur. Thus, a strong relationship between communities of consumers and their resources is expected. However, correlations may be influenced by other layers in the food web, or by the environment. Here we show, by studying the relationship between communities of consumers (land snails) and individual diets (from seed plants), that there is in fact no direct, or at most a weak but negative, relationship. However, we found that the diversity of the individual microbiome positively correlates with both consumer community diversity and individual diet diversity in three target species. Moreover, these correlations were affected by various environmental variables, such as anthropogenic activity, habitat island size, and a possibly important nutrient source, guano runoff from nearby caves. Our results suggest that the microbiome and the environment explain the absence of correlations between diet and consumer community diversity. Hence, we advocate that microbiome inventories are routinely added to any community dietary analysis, which our study shows can be done with relatively little extra effort. Our approach presents the tools to quickly obtain an overview of the relationships between consumers and their resources. We anticipate our approach to be useful for ecologists and environmentalists studying different communities in a local food web.",
keywords = "Borneo, community ecology, diet, Gastropoda, metabarcoding, microbiome",
author = "Hendriks, {Kasper P} and Karen Bisschop and Kortenbosch, {Hylke H} and Kavanagh, {James C} and Larue, {Ana{\"i}s E A} and Chee-Chean Phung and Dries Bonte and Duijm, {Elza J} and {Falc{\~a}o Salles}, Joana and Pigot, {Alex L} and {Richter Mendoza}, {Francisco J} and Menno Schilthuizen and Anderson, {Marti J} and Speksnijder, {Arjen G C L} and Etienne, {Rampal S}",
note = "Funding Information: We thank Liew Thor‐Seng of Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, for kindly assisting with access and export license applications, Iva Njunji{\'c}, Leonel Herrera‐Alsina, and Giacomo Alciatore for assisting with fieldwork, and UMS students Gary Kam Yin Cheng, Foo She Fui, Choo Ming Huei, Chua Wai Min, James Yee Chun Sieng, Phung Kin Wah, and Chee Huey Ying for identifying snail shells in the lab. Groningen students Annabel Slettenhaar and Manon Spaans collected environmental data. This research was funded by NWO (VICI grant, number 865.13.003, awarded to RSE), KNAW (Fonds Ecologie, reference Eco/1711, awarded to KPH), Leopold III‐Fonds (awarded to KB, 2017), Ghent University (Special Research Fund, BOF, awarded to KB), University of Groningen (Ubbo Emmius sandwich program, awarded to KB) and The Malacological Society of London (Early Career Research Grant, awarded to KPH). All samples were collected (permit numbers JKM/MBS.1000‐2/2 JLD.6 [107, 112, 114, 116, and 118]) and exported (JKM/MBS.1000‐2/3 JLD.3 [51]) under license of Sabah Biodiversity Council (SaBC). We declare no conflict of interest. KPH, KB are joint first authors. KPH, KB, MS, AGCLS, and RSE conceived the ideas and designed methods; KPH, KB, HHK, JCK, AEAL, C‐CP, EJD, ALP, FJRM, MS, MJA, and RSE collected, analyzed, and/or interpreted the data; KPH and KB led the writing of the manuscript, to which all authors contributed critically and gave approval for publication. Funding Information: We thank Liew Thor-Seng of Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia, for kindly assisting with access and export license applications, Iva Njunji?, Leonel Herrera-Alsina, and Giacomo Alciatore for assisting with fieldwork, and UMS students Gary Kam Yin Cheng, Foo She Fui, Choo Ming Huei, Chua Wai Min, James Yee Chun Sieng, Phung Kin Wah, and Chee Huey Ying for identifying snail shells in the lab. Groningen students Annabel Slettenhaar and Manon Spaans collected environmental data. This research was funded by NWO (VICI grant, number 865.13.003, awarded to RSE), KNAW (Fonds Ecologie, reference Eco/1711, awarded to KPH), Leopold III-Fonds (awarded to KB, 2017), Ghent University (Special Research Fund, BOF, awarded to KB), University of Groningen (Ubbo Emmius sandwich program, awarded to KB) and The Malacological Society of London (Early Career Research Grant, awarded to KPH). All samples were collected (permit numbers JKM/MBS.1000-2/2 JLD.6 [107, 112, 114, 116, and 118]) and exported (JKM/MBS.1000-2/3 JLD.3 [51]) under license of Sabah Biodiversity Council (SaBC). We declare no conflict of interest. KPH, KB are joint first authors. KPH, KB, MS, AGCLS, and RSE conceived the ideas and designed methods; KPH, KB, HHK, JCK, AEAL, C-CP, EJD, ALP, FJRM, MS, MJA, and RSE collected, analyzed, and/or interpreted the data; KPH and KB led the writing of the manuscript, to which all authors contributed critically and gave approval for publication. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 The Authors. Ecology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Ecological Society of America Copyright: Copyright 2021 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.",
year = "2021",
month = feb,
doi = "10.1002/ecy.3237",
language = "English",
volume = "102",
journal = "Ecology",
issn = "0012-9658",
publisher = "Wiley-Blackwell",
number = "2",
}