Monolayers and self-assembled bilayers on ITO for use in solar cells

The global focus on renewable energy has led to increased research and development of solar cells. Progress has been made in exploring different materials for the active layer, the ETL, and the HTL to improve the stability of solar cells and extend their operational lifetime over the last two decades. Hybrid perovskite solar cells, using monolayers with PAs as anchoring groups to decrease the thickness of the HTL, have been studied extensively since 2018. This has improved the stability of the active layer and helped with interface engineering. The thesis introduces the different layers and working principles of solar cells, discusses the difference between Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAM) and monolayers, the synthesis of phosphonic acids, and the measurement of transport properties in an EGaIn junction, as well as their application in solar cells.