Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and its receptors in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain regions: Differential Findings in AD with and without Depression

Doortje W. Dekens, Petrus J. W. Naude, Sebastiaan Engelborghs, Yannick Vermeiren, Debby Van Dam, Richard Oude Voshaar, Ulrich L. M. Eisel, Peter P. De Deyn*

*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journalArticleAcademicpeer-review

42 Citations (Scopus)
344 Downloads (Pure)

Abstract

Co-existing depression worsens Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is a newly identified (neuro) inflammatory mediator in the pathophysiologies of both AD and depression. This study aimed to compare NGAL levels in healthy controls, AD without depression (AD-D), and AD with co-existing depression (AD+D) patients. Protein levels of NGAL and its receptors, 24p3R and megalin, were assessed in nine brain regions from healthy controls (n = 19), AD-D (n = 19), and AD+D (n = 21) patients. NGAL levels in AD-D patients were significantly increased in brain regions commonly associated with AD. In the hippocampus, NGAL levels were even further increased in AD+D subjects. Unexpectedly, NGAL levels in the prefrontal cortex of AD+D patients were comparable to those in controls. Megalin levels were increased in BA11 and amygdala of AD+D patients, while no changes in 24p3R were detected. These findings indicate significant differences in neuroimmunological regulation between AD patients with and without co-existing depression. Considering its known effects, elevated NGAL levels might actively promote neuropathological processes in AD with and without depression.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)763-776
Number of pages14
JournalJournal of alzheimers disease
Volume55
Issue number2
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 2017

Keywords

  • 24p3R
  • Alzheimer's disease
  • depression
  • hippocampus
  • inflammation
  • lipocalin 2
  • megalin
  • NGAL
  • LATE-LIFE DEPRESSION
  • MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT
  • CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM
  • AMYLOID BETA-PEPTIDE
  • CEREBROSPINAL-FLUID
  • INFLAMMATORY MARKERS
  • PREFRONTAL CORTEX
  • VASCULAR-DEMENTIA
  • MAJOR DEPRESSION
  • APOLIPOPROTEIN J

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