TY - JOUR
T1 - Nitrogen and boron-doped reduced graphene oxide chemiresistive sensor for real-time monitoring dissolved oxygen in biological processes
AU - Chinnathambi, Selvaraj
AU - Kumar, Sumit
AU - Euverink, Gert Jan Willem
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors would like to thank the University of Groningen for financial support. We also thank Prof. Dr. Wesley Browne for Raman spectroscopic analysis, Dr. Marc D. A. Stuart for TEM analysis.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 The Author(s)
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - We developed a nitrogen and boron-doped reduced graphene oxide (N, B-HRGO) based chemiresistive sensor to measure dissolved oxygen (DO) in a complex biological medium. The N, B-HRGO modified interdigitated micro electrode arrays (IDE) constructed as a chemiresistor by the drop-cast method. A silicon based fluorinated oxygen permeable membrane protects the surface from the interference and provides a specificity to the sensor. The sensor responded to the DO concentration changes due to modulated surface charge carrier concentration by the adsorbed dissolved oxygen molecule (Oad). For DO concentration range 0–5 mg.L−1 there was nearly 80% change in response for the sensor with membrane. The resistance of the N, B-HRGO film was measured at different DO concentrations in KNO3 solution and during the growth of Amycalotopsis methanolica bacterial fermentation. The study showed that the sensor is sensitive to the oxygen present in the solution and can detect DO consumption in a complex fermentation medium. The effect of water and the electrolyte salt ions present in the electrolyte was studied in detail. It was observed that the adsorption of water molecule increases the sensor resistance, whereas the salt ions have negligible effect on the sensor response. Because of the simple electrode structure, this chemiresistive sensor can measure DO in the micro bioreactors with a volume of few microliters. The N, B-HRGO chemiresistive sensor can also be used for DO measurement in other bioprocess applications.
AB - We developed a nitrogen and boron-doped reduced graphene oxide (N, B-HRGO) based chemiresistive sensor to measure dissolved oxygen (DO) in a complex biological medium. The N, B-HRGO modified interdigitated micro electrode arrays (IDE) constructed as a chemiresistor by the drop-cast method. A silicon based fluorinated oxygen permeable membrane protects the surface from the interference and provides a specificity to the sensor. The sensor responded to the DO concentration changes due to modulated surface charge carrier concentration by the adsorbed dissolved oxygen molecule (Oad). For DO concentration range 0–5 mg.L−1 there was nearly 80% change in response for the sensor with membrane. The resistance of the N, B-HRGO film was measured at different DO concentrations in KNO3 solution and during the growth of Amycalotopsis methanolica bacterial fermentation. The study showed that the sensor is sensitive to the oxygen present in the solution and can detect DO consumption in a complex fermentation medium. The effect of water and the electrolyte salt ions present in the electrolyte was studied in detail. It was observed that the adsorption of water molecule increases the sensor resistance, whereas the salt ions have negligible effect on the sensor response. Because of the simple electrode structure, this chemiresistive sensor can measure DO in the micro bioreactors with a volume of few microliters. The N, B-HRGO chemiresistive sensor can also be used for DO measurement in other bioprocess applications.
KW - Adsorption and desorption
KW - Chemiresistive sensor
KW - Dissolved oxygen
KW - Interdigitated micro electrode arrays
KW - Nitrogen and Boron doping
KW - Reduced graphene oxide
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141652021&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.snr.2022.100128
DO - 10.1016/j.snr.2022.100128
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85141652021
SN - 2666-0539
VL - 4
JO - Sensors and Actuators Reports
JF - Sensors and Actuators Reports
M1 - 100128
ER -