Pathophysiology and Molecular Pathology of Tremor, Myoclonus, and Chorea

In tremor at appears that different clinical types of tremors can be present in the various disorders, especially in advanced stages of the diseases. In pathological forms of tremor one or more central oscillating generators are assumed and dysfunctioning of the neuronal motor circuits and the role of the cerebellum will be discussed.

The pathophysiological mechanisms of myoclonus will be explained on the anatomical classification with a focus on the functional aspects. Differences between cortical and subcortical myoclonus will be discussed, as the spinal cord and peripheral types of myoclonus.

Chorea originates probably from a dysfunction of complex neuronal networks consisting of the basal ganglia and different motor cortical areas. A review is given of latest findings of molecular pathological studies of HD.