Psychological Resources, Appraisals, and Coping and Their Relationship to Participation in Spinal Cord Injury: A Path Analysis

Objective: To test the Spinal Cord Injury Adjustment Model and gain a better understanding about whether and how the psychological resources general self-efficacy (SE), purpose in life (PIL), appraisals, and coping influence participation in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Cross-sectional data collection within the Swiss Spinal Cord Injury Cohort.

Setting: Community setting.

Participants: Persons with SCI (N=516) who are >= 16 years old and living in the community in Switzerland.

Interventions: Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measures: Participation was measured with the restrictions subscale of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation of Rehabilitation-Participation, General SE with the General Self-Efficacy Scale, PIL with the Purpose in Life Test-Short Form, appraisals with the Appraisal of Life Events Scale, and coping with the Brief COPE.

Results: General SE (r =.32) and PIL (r=.23) were associated with less participation restrictions. The initial model yielded a poor model fit. The modified final model had an acceptable fit (X-11(2) =36.2; P

Conclusions: The results only partly support the double-mediating effect as suggested in the SCI adjustment model because both direct and indirect effects on participation were observed. Individuals with higher general SE and PIL perceive less participation restrictions. General SE seems an appropriate target to enhance participation. Longitudinal studies are needed to support our findings. (c) 2014 by the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine