Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments: The REACH Case

J. Cumner; E. De Lera Acedo; D. I.L. De Villiers; D. Anstey; C. I. Kolitsidas; B. Gurdon; N. Fagnoni; P. Alexander; G. Bernardi; H. T.J. Bevins; S. Carey; J. Cavillot; R. Chiello; C. Craeye; W. Croukamp; J. A. Ely; A. Fialkov; T. Gessey-Jones; Q. Gueuning; W. Handley; R. Hills; A. T. Josaitis; G. Kulkarni; A. Magro; R. Maiolino; P. D. Meerburg; S. Mittal; J. R. Pritchard; E. Puchwein; N. Razavi-Ghods; I. L.V. Roque; A. Saxena; K. H. Scheutwinkel; E. Shen; P. H. Sims; O. Smirnov; M. Spinelli; K. Zarb-Adami

doi:10.1142/S2251171722500015

Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments: The REACH Case

J. Cumner^*, E. De Lera Acedo, D. I.L. De Villiers, D. Anstey, C. I. Kolitsidas, B. Gurdon, N. Fagnoni, P. Alexander, G. Bernardi, H. T.J. Bevins, S. Carey, J. Cavillot, R. Chiello, C. Craeye, W. Croukamp, J. A. Ely, A. Fialkov, T. Gessey-Jones, Q. Gueuning, W. HandleyR. Hills, A. T. Josaitis, G. Kulkarni, A. Magro, R. Maiolino, P. D. Meerburg, S. Mittal, J. R. Pritchard, E. Puchwein, N. Razavi-Ghods, I. L.V. Roque, A. Saxena, K. H. Scheutwinkel, E. Shen, P. H. Sims, O. Smirnov, M. Spinelli, K. Zarb-Adami

^*Corresponding author for this work

Cosmic Frontier

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Abstract

Following the reported detection of an absorption profile associated with the 21cm sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn by the EDGES experiment in 2018, a number of experiments have been set up to verify this result. This paper discusses the design process used for global 21cm experiments, focusing specifically on the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH). This experiment will seek to understand and compensate for systematic errors present using detailed modeling and characterization of the instrumentation. Detailed quantitative figures of merit and numerical modeling are used to assist the design process of the REACH dipole antenna (one of the two antenna designs for REACH Phase I). This design process produced a 2.5:1 frequency bandwidth dipole. The aim of this design was to balance spectral smoothness and low impedance reflections with the ability to describe and understand the antenna response to the sky signal to inform the critically important calibration during observation and data analysis.

Original language	English
Article number	2250001
Number of pages	26
Journal	Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation
Volume	11
Issue number	1
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171722500015
Publication status	Published - 1-Mar-2022

Keywords

21 cm cosmology
global experiment
radio antenna

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Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments: The REACH CaseFinal publisher's version, 1.82 MBLicence: Taverne

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Cumner, J., De Lera Acedo, E., De Villiers, D. I. L., Anstey, D., Kolitsidas, C. I., Gurdon, B., Fagnoni, N., Alexander, P., Bernardi, G., Bevins, H. T. J., Carey, S., Cavillot, J., Chiello, R., Craeye, C., Croukamp, W., Ely, J. A., Fialkov, A., Gessey-Jones, T., Gueuning, Q., ... Zarb-Adami, K. (2022). Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments: The REACH Case. Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, 11(1), Article 2250001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171722500015

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title = "Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments: The REACH Case",

abstract = "Following the reported detection of an absorption profile associated with the 21cm sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn by the EDGES experiment in 2018, a number of experiments have been set up to verify this result. This paper discusses the design process used for global 21cm experiments, focusing specifically on the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH). This experiment will seek to understand and compensate for systematic errors present using detailed modeling and characterization of the instrumentation. Detailed quantitative figures of merit and numerical modeling are used to assist the design process of the REACH dipole antenna (one of the two antenna designs for REACH Phase I). This design process produced a 2.5:1 frequency bandwidth dipole. The aim of this design was to balance spectral smoothness and low impedance reflections with the ability to describe and understand the antenna response to the sky signal to inform the critically important calibration during observation and data analysis.",

keywords = "21 cm cosmology, global experiment, radio antenna",

author = "J. Cumner and {De Lera Acedo}, E. and {De Villiers}, {D. I.L.} and D. Anstey and Kolitsidas, {C. I.} and B. Gurdon and N. Fagnoni and P. Alexander and G. Bernardi and Bevins, {H. T.J.} and S. Carey and J. Cavillot and R. Chiello and C. Craeye and W. Croukamp and Ely, {J. A.} and A. Fialkov and T. Gessey-Jones and Q. Gueuning and W. Handley and R. Hills and Josaitis, {A. T.} and G. Kulkarni and A. Magro and R. Maiolino and Meerburg, {P. D.} and S. Mittal and Pritchard, {J. R.} and E. Puchwein and N. Razavi-Ghods and Roque, {I. L.V.} and A. Saxena and Scheutwinkel, {K. H.} and E. Shen and Sims, {P. H.} and O. Smirnov and M. Spinelli and K. Zarb-Adami",

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month = mar,

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Cumner, J, De Lera Acedo, E, De Villiers, DIL, Anstey, D, Kolitsidas, CI, Gurdon, B, Fagnoni, N, Alexander, P, Bernardi, G, Bevins, HTJ, Carey, S, Cavillot, J, Chiello, R, Craeye, C, Croukamp, W, Ely, JA, Fialkov, A, Gessey-Jones, T, Gueuning, Q, Handley, W, Hills, R, Josaitis, AT, Kulkarni, G, Magro, A, Maiolino, R, Meerburg, PD, Mittal, S, Pritchard, JR, Puchwein, E, Razavi-Ghods, N, Roque, ILV, Saxena, A, Scheutwinkel, KH, Shen, E, Sims, PH, Smirnov, O, Spinelli, M & Zarb-Adami, K 2022, 'Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments: The REACH Case', Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, vol. 11, no. 1, 2250001. https://doi.org/10.1142/S2251171722500015

TY - JOUR

T1 - Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments

T2 - The REACH Case

AU - Cumner, J.

AU - De Lera Acedo, E.

AU - De Villiers, D. I.L.

AU - Anstey, D.

AU - Kolitsidas, C. I.

AU - Gurdon, B.

AU - Fagnoni, N.

AU - Alexander, P.

AU - Bernardi, G.

AU - Bevins, H. T.J.

AU - Carey, S.

AU - Cavillot, J.

AU - Chiello, R.

AU - Craeye, C.

AU - Croukamp, W.

AU - Ely, J. A.

AU - Fialkov, A.

AU - Gessey-Jones, T.

AU - Gueuning, Q.

AU - Handley, W.

AU - Hills, R.

AU - Josaitis, A. T.

AU - Kulkarni, G.

AU - Magro, A.

AU - Maiolino, R.

AU - Meerburg, P. D.

AU - Mittal, S.

AU - Pritchard, J. R.

AU - Puchwein, E.

AU - Razavi-Ghods, N.

AU - Roque, I. L.V.

AU - Saxena, A.

AU - Scheutwinkel, K. H.

AU - Shen, E.

AU - Sims, P. H.

AU - Smirnov, O.

AU - Spinelli, M.

AU - Zarb-Adami, K.

PY - 2022/3/1

Y1 - 2022/3/1

N2 - Following the reported detection of an absorption profile associated with the 21cm sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn by the EDGES experiment in 2018, a number of experiments have been set up to verify this result. This paper discusses the design process used for global 21cm experiments, focusing specifically on the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH). This experiment will seek to understand and compensate for systematic errors present using detailed modeling and characterization of the instrumentation. Detailed quantitative figures of merit and numerical modeling are used to assist the design process of the REACH dipole antenna (one of the two antenna designs for REACH Phase I). This design process produced a 2.5:1 frequency bandwidth dipole. The aim of this design was to balance spectral smoothness and low impedance reflections with the ability to describe and understand the antenna response to the sky signal to inform the critically important calibration during observation and data analysis.

AB - Following the reported detection of an absorption profile associated with the 21cm sky-averaged signal from the Cosmic Dawn by the EDGES experiment in 2018, a number of experiments have been set up to verify this result. This paper discusses the design process used for global 21cm experiments, focusing specifically on the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen (REACH). This experiment will seek to understand and compensate for systematic errors present using detailed modeling and characterization of the instrumentation. Detailed quantitative figures of merit and numerical modeling are used to assist the design process of the REACH dipole antenna (one of the two antenna designs for REACH Phase I). This design process produced a 2.5:1 frequency bandwidth dipole. The aim of this design was to balance spectral smoothness and low impedance reflections with the ability to describe and understand the antenna response to the sky signal to inform the critically important calibration during observation and data analysis.

KW - 21 cm cosmology

KW - global experiment

KW - radio antenna

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U2 - 10.1142/S2251171722500015

DO - 10.1142/S2251171722500015

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85124912323

SN - 2251-1717

VL - 11

JO - Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation

JF - Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation

IS - 1

M1 - 2250001

ER -

Radio Antenna Design for Sky-Averaged 21 cm Cosmology Experiments: The REACH Case

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