TY - JOUR
T1 - Recommendations for replacing PET on packaging, fiber, and film materials with biobased counterparts
AU - Sousa, Andreia F.
AU - Patrício, Rafael
AU - Terzopoulou, Zoi
AU - Bikiaris, Dimitrios N.
AU - Stern, Tobias
AU - Wenger, Julia
AU - Loos, Katja
AU - Lotti, Nadia
AU - Siracusa, Valentina
AU - Szymczyk, Anna
AU - Paszkiewicz, Sandra
AU - Triantafyllidis, Konstantinos S.
AU - Zamboulis, Alexandra
AU - Nikolic, Marija S.
AU - Spasojevic, Pavle
AU - Thiyagarajan, Shanmugam
AU - Van Es, Daan S.
AU - Guigo, Nathanael
N1 - Funding Information:
We thank Roy Visser for fruitful reading of this review. This publication is based upon work from COST Action FUR4Sustain-European network of FURan based chemicals and materials FOR a Sustainable development, CA18220, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). This work was supported within the scope of the project CICECO-Aveiro Institute of Materials, UIDB/50011/2020 & UIDP/50011/2020, financed by national funds through the FCT– Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia/MEC and when appropriate co-financed by FEDER under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement. This research is also sponsored by FEDER funds through the program COMPETE—Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade—and by national funds through FCT under the project UID/EMS/00285/2020. FCT is also acknowledged for the research contract under Scientific Employment Stimulus to AFS (CEECIND/02322/ 2020). SP is acknowledged for funding this research by the National Science Centre within project SONATA no 2018/31/D/ ST8/00792. MSN acknowledge support from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia (Contract No. 451-03-9/2021-14/200135). ST and D.S.v.Es. acknowledge for funding by the Knowledge Base programme “Towards a circular and climate positive society” of Wageningen University & Research (WUR), in the project “Biobased materials and chemicals for relieving and replacing the fossil feedstock system” (KB-34-010-001). The WUR Knowledge Base programme is financed by the Dutch Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality.
Publisher Copyright:
© The Royal Society of Chemistry.
PY - 2021/11/21
Y1 - 2021/11/21
N2 - This review sheds light on urgent questions that arise from the need to replace a polymer resin,-poly(ethylene terephthalate), which represents 7.7% market-share in the global plastic demand (Plastics-the Facts 2019), by renewable alternatives. The main question that this review will address is: what are the most promising PET replacements made from biomass? Currently, under debate is naturally its biobased counterpart bio-PET (or even recycle rPET), as well as other aromatic key-players with comparable thermo-mechanical performance and enhanced barrier properties, such as poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) and poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PTF). They are most adequate for packaging, but not restricted to. Additional alternatives are the miscellaneous of lignin-based thermoplastic polymers, although the technology involved in this latter case is still premature. (Bio)degradable aliphatic polyesters, despite their typical inferior thermo-mechanical properties, can also play a role e.g., among PET fiber industry applications. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most developed renewable polyester, already a commercial reality. All biobased polymers reviewed face a major hindrance for their wider deployment their cost-competitiveness. A pertinent question arises then: Are these alternatives, or will they be, economically feasible? Social, political and legal frameworks together with supportive financial schemes are boosting rapid changes. In the future, most probably more than one polymer will come to the market and will be used in some of the panoply of PET applications. This evaluation overviews sustainability issues, including perspectives on their green synthesis. Moreover, this review does also not neglect the accumulation of plastics waste in the environment and the inherent challenges of polymers' end-of-life. Approximately 8 M tons of polymers waste leaks into the environment each year, a fact not disconnected to PET's non-biodegradability and still insufficient collection and recycling rates. This journal is
AB - This review sheds light on urgent questions that arise from the need to replace a polymer resin,-poly(ethylene terephthalate), which represents 7.7% market-share in the global plastic demand (Plastics-the Facts 2019), by renewable alternatives. The main question that this review will address is: what are the most promising PET replacements made from biomass? Currently, under debate is naturally its biobased counterpart bio-PET (or even recycle rPET), as well as other aromatic key-players with comparable thermo-mechanical performance and enhanced barrier properties, such as poly(ethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PEF) and poly(trimethylene 2,5-furandicarboxylate) (PTF). They are most adequate for packaging, but not restricted to. Additional alternatives are the miscellaneous of lignin-based thermoplastic polymers, although the technology involved in this latter case is still premature. (Bio)degradable aliphatic polyesters, despite their typical inferior thermo-mechanical properties, can also play a role e.g., among PET fiber industry applications. Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is the most developed renewable polyester, already a commercial reality. All biobased polymers reviewed face a major hindrance for their wider deployment their cost-competitiveness. A pertinent question arises then: Are these alternatives, or will they be, economically feasible? Social, political and legal frameworks together with supportive financial schemes are boosting rapid changes. In the future, most probably more than one polymer will come to the market and will be used in some of the panoply of PET applications. This evaluation overviews sustainability issues, including perspectives on their green synthesis. Moreover, this review does also not neglect the accumulation of plastics waste in the environment and the inherent challenges of polymers' end-of-life. Approximately 8 M tons of polymers waste leaks into the environment each year, a fact not disconnected to PET's non-biodegradability and still insufficient collection and recycling rates. This journal is
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85120062095&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1039/d1gc02082j
DO - 10.1039/d1gc02082j
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85120062095
SN - 1463-9262
VL - 23
SP - 8795
EP - 8820
JO - Green Chemistry
JF - Green Chemistry
IS - 22
ER -