RNA Therapeutics in Heart Failure

RNA-based therapeutics, such as small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are promising therapeutics that offer new avenues for targeting molecular pathways underlying heart failure (HF) pathogenesis. This review provides an overview of RNA therapeutics, detailing their mechanisms and potential applications in the treatment of HF. Key pathological processes in HF, including dysregulated calcium handling, myocardial fibrosis, oxidative stress, inflammation and aberrant signalling, are explored to identify how RNA-based therapeutics can be utilized to address these mechanisms. Preclinical studies demonstrating the potential of RNA therapeutics to modulate these pathways are discussed. In addition, the review identifies novel therapeutic targets of HF that may allow more precise and effective interventions, potentially reversing disease progression in HF. In this way, the potential of RNA therapeutics as a next-generation treatment strategy for HF are highlighted, offering hope for more targeted and personalized approaches for HF.