Simple reactions to nearby neighbors and complex social behavior in primates

Simple behavioral reactions to nearby neighbors may result in a greater variety of patterns of social interactions, social relationships, and social organization than has been previously assumed. Here, such transitions of micro-rules to macro-patterns are shown for primates in computer models. They concern the emergence of patterns of aggression, including the formation of coalitions and patterns of affi liation, such as reconciliation and grooming reciprocation. It is generally believed that these behavioral patterns require high cognition. While the high cognitive capacities of primates are not denied, these simulations suggest that primates may be less calculative in their daily lives. Simple behavioral reactions and self-organization may suffi ce to explain their patterns of social behavior.