Single-cell sequencing to quantify genomic integrity in cancer

The use of single-cell DNA sequencing (sc-seq) techniques for the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer is a rapidly developing field. Sc-seq research is gaining momentum by decreased sequencing costs and continuous improvements in techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of recent advancements in the field of sc-seq in cancer and we discuss how sc-seq can contribute to improved care for cancer patients. Sc-seq has made it possible to study the genomes of individual cancer cells from primary tumors, metastases and circulating tumor cells, revealing inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity, which cannot be detected using other methods. We review studies on individual human cancer cells in relation to prognosis and treatment response. Finally, future perspectives of sc-seq in cancer diagnosis and treatment are discussed with a focus on the use of circulating tumor cells to monitor therapy response and the development of personalized treatments based on knowledge about the genomic heterogeneity.