@article{e48dcc77fa964154bd13dd0c71b4e9ee,
title = "SSTR2 in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: Relationship with Latent EBV Infection and Potential as a Therapeutic Target",
abstract = "Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor endemic to parts of Asia and associated with infection by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in these regions. The cancer is often detected at a late stage which is associated with poor outcomes (63\% 5-year survival). Advances for the management of this disease have remained largely stagnant and treatment relies primarily on radiotherapy and chemotherapy, as well as surgery when indicated. Nevertheless, our understanding of its underlying biology has grown rapidly in the past two decades, laying the foundation for the development of improved therapeutics which have the potential to improve outcomes. This review offers a comprehensive, up-to-date summary of this disease, with a focus on the role of somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) in NPC and how this increased knowledge may lead to improved diagnosis and management of this disease.Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignant epithelial tumor, most commonly located in the pharyngeal recess and endemic to parts of Asia. It is often detected at a late stage which is associated with poor prognosis (5-year survival rate of 63\%). Treatment for this malignancy relies predominantly on radiotherapy and/or systemic chemotherapy, which can be associated with significant morbidity and impaired quality of life. In endemic regions NPC is associated with infection by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) which was shown to upregulate the somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) cell surface receptor. With recent advances in molecular techniques allowing for an improved understanding of the molecular aetiology of this disease and its relation to SSTR2 expression, we provide a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of this disease and highlight the emergence of SSTR2 as a key tumor biomarker and promising target for imaging and therapy.",
keywords = "Biomarkers, Carcinogenesis, EBV, Epidemiology, Global health, Imaging, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), Somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR), Therapeutics",
author = "Oscar Emanuel and Jacklyn Liu and Schartinger, \{Volker H.\} and Nei, \{Wen Long\} and Chan, \{Yuk Yu\} and Tsang, \{Chi Man\} and Herbert Riechelmann and Liam Masterson and Johannes Haybaeck and Udo Oppermann and Willems, \{Stefan M.\} and Ooft, \{Marc L.\} and Guido Wollmann and David Howard and Bart Vanhaesebroeck and Lund, \{Valerie J.\} and Gary Royle and Chua, \{Melvin L.K.\} and \{Wai Lo\}, Kwok and Pierre Busson and Matt Lechner",
note = "Funding Information: NPC Incidence per 100,000 derived from epidemiology data from the World Cancer Research Fund. from the World Cancer Research Fund. Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.L., P.B. and K.W.L.; writing—original draft prepara‐ Author Contributions: Conceptualization, M.L., P.B. and K.W.L.; writing—original draft preparation, tion, O.E. and J.L.; writing—review and editing, O.E., J.L., V.H.S., W.L.N., Y.Y.C., C.M.T., H.R., O.E. and J.L.; writing—review and editing, O.E., J.L., V.H.S., W.L.N., Y.Y.C., C.M.T., H.R., L.M., J.H., L.M., J.H., U.O., S.M.W., M.L.O., G.W., D.H., B.V., V.J.L., G.R., M.L.K.C., K.W.L., P.B. and M.L.; U.O., S.M.W., M.L.O., G.W., D.H., B.V., V.J.L., G.R., M.L.K.C., K.W.L., P.B. and M.L.; supervision, M.L., supervision, M.L., P.B. and K.W.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of P.B. and K.W.L. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript. the manuscript. Funding: This research received no external funding. Melvin L.K. Chua is supported by the National Medical Research Council Singapore Clinician Scientist Award (NMRC/CSA-INV/0027/2018), National Research Foundation Proton Competitive Research Program (NRF-CRP17-2017-05), Ministry of Education Tier 3 Academic Research Fund (MOE2016-T3-1-004), the Duke-NUS Oncology Academic Program Goh Foundation Proton Research Programme, NCCS Cancer Fund, and the Kua Hong Pak Head and Neck Cancer Research Programme. Work in the B.V. laboratory is supported by PTEN Research, Cancer Research UK (C23338/A25722) and the UK NIHR University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre. WLN is supported by the NMRC Research Fellowship (MOH-FLWSHP18may-003); NMRC NIG (CNIG19may-0013) and the NCCS Research Fund. This project was further supported by the Rhinology and Laryngology Research Fund, Royal College of Surgeons (College Family Research Grant), UCL/UCLH Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), and the Association for the Global Advancement of ENT Surgery and Head and Neck Cancer Research (AGA-ENT). Funding Information: Conflicts of Interest: B.V. is a consultant for iOnctura (Geneva, Switzerland), Venthera (Palo Alto, US), Olema Pharmaceuticals (San Francisco, US), is a shareholder in Open Orphan (London) and has received speaker fees from Gilead (Foster City, US). G.W. serves as scientific advisor for Boehringer In-gelheim. Melvin L.K. Chua reports personal fees from Astellas, Janssen, Bayer, Pfizer, MSD, personal fees and non-financial support from AstraZeneca, personal fees and grants from Ferring, personal fees and non-financial support from Varian, non-financial support from Decipher Biosciences, nonfinancial support from MedLever, and consults for immunoSCAPE Inc., outside the submitted work. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest related to this work. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021 by the authors.",
year = "2021",
month = oct,
day = "1",
doi = "10.3390/cancers13194944",
language = "English",
volume = "13",
journal = "Cancers",
issn = "2072-6694",
publisher = "MDPI AG",
number = "19",
}