T-cell response to viral antigens in adults and children with common variable immunodeficiency and specific antibody deficiency

Several T cell abnormalities have been described in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), a B cell disorder of mainly unknown origin. A subset of CVID patients suffers from frequent reactivations of herpes viruses. We studied T cell function in CVID [and in a subset of paediatric patients with specific antibody deficiency (SAD)] by measuring T cell proliferation and cytokine production in response to herpes virus-antigens in paediatric CVID patients (n=9) and paediatric SAD patients (n=5), in adult CVID patients (n=14) and in healthy controls. Paediatric CVID patients, but not SAD patients, displayed moderately increased CD8+ T cell proliferation in response to cytomegalovirus, human herpes virus type 6B (HHV6-B) and herpes simplex virus compared to controls. CD8+ T cell responses in adult CVID patients tended to be increased in response to cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus. In response to stimulation with herpes virus antigens, the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and interferon inducible protein (IP)-10 were produced. Overall, no major differences were detected in cytokine production upon stimulation between patients and controls, although higher IL-10 and IL-12 production was detected in paediatric patients. In conclusion, cellular immunity against herpes virus antigens appears undisturbed in CVID patients, although defects in subpopulations of CVID patients cannot be excluded.