The equations of motion for a standing human reveal three mechanisms for balance

At L. Hof

doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.12.016

The equations of motion for a standing human reveal three mechanisms for balance

At L. Hof^*

^*Corresponding author for this work

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › Academic › peer-review

214 Citations (Scopus)

Abstract

The equations of motion for a standing multi-segment human model are derived. Output quantity of these equations is the horizontal acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (CoM). There are three input terms and they can be identified as the three mechanisms by which balance can be maintained: (1) by moving the centre of pressure with respect to the vertical projection of the CoM, (2) by counter-rotating segments around the CoM, and (3) by applying an external force, other than the ground reaction force.

For the first two mechanisms the respective contributions to CoM acceleration can be obtained from force plate recordings. This is illustrated by some example data from experiments, which show that the contribution from mechanism 2 can be considerable, e.g. in one-legged standing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	451-457
Number of pages	7
Journal	Journal of biomechanics
Volume	40
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.12.016
Publication status	Published - 2007

Keywords

balance
balance strategy
equations of movement
centre of mass
centre of pressure
balance mechanisms
MODEL
MOVEMENTS

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title = "The equations of motion for a standing human reveal three mechanisms for balance",

abstract = "The equations of motion for a standing multi-segment human model are derived. Output quantity of these equations is the horizontal acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (CoM). There are three input terms and they can be identified as the three mechanisms by which balance can be maintained: (1) by moving the centre of pressure with respect to the vertical projection of the CoM, (2) by counter-rotating segments around the CoM, and (3) by applying an external force, other than the ground reaction force.For the first two mechanisms the respective contributions to CoM acceleration can be obtained from force plate recordings. This is illustrated by some example data from experiments, which show that the contribution from mechanism 2 can be considerable, e.g. in one-legged standing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.",

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AU - Hof, At L.

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AB - The equations of motion for a standing multi-segment human model are derived. Output quantity of these equations is the horizontal acceleration of the whole-body centre of mass (CoM). There are three input terms and they can be identified as the three mechanisms by which balance can be maintained: (1) by moving the centre of pressure with respect to the vertical projection of the CoM, (2) by counter-rotating segments around the CoM, and (3) by applying an external force, other than the ground reaction force.For the first two mechanisms the respective contributions to CoM acceleration can be obtained from force plate recordings. This is illustrated by some example data from experiments, which show that the contribution from mechanism 2 can be considerable, e.g. in one-legged standing. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KW - balance

KW - balance strategy

KW - equations of movement

KW - centre of mass

KW - centre of pressure

KW - balance mechanisms

KW - MODEL

KW - MOVEMENTS

U2 - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.12.016

DO - 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.12.016

M3 - Article

SN - 0021-9290

VL - 40

SP - 451

EP - 457

JO - Journal of biomechanics

JF - Journal of biomechanics

IS - 2

ER -

The equations of motion for a standing human reveal three mechanisms for balance

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Keywords

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