The role of pluralisms in the positions and functions of chaplains in Dutch outpatient, community or primary care settings: secondary analysis of a multi-method comparative case study project

The transition from inpatient spiritual care to spiritual care in outpatient, community or primary care settings presents various challenges to chaplains. We have examined how chaplaincy organizations navigate different types of pluralism to find their function and position in these settings. Secondary analysis was performed on 37 thick descriptions of chaplaincy organizations, focus group discussions with three of these organizations, and 24 client questionnaires. The results show that the organizations have to navigate religious pluralism, pluralism in health care professions, and pluralism in patient populations with their associated variety in financial arrangements. Therefore, the chaplains adjust their activities to the care landscape present in their region. They also adjust their communication style to the understanding of spirituality and the communication style of the care profession and financers they are in contact with. Through showing themselves and their work, they slowly build trust, durable working relationships, and a broader profile.