TY - JOUR
T1 - TiEMPO
T2 - Open-source time-dependent end-to-end model for simulating ground-based submillimeter astronomical observations
AU - Huijten, Esmee
AU - Roelvink, Yannick
AU - Brackenhoff, Stefanie A.
AU - Taniguchi, Akio
AU - Bakx, Tom J. L. C.
AU - Marthi, Kaushal B.
AU - Zaalberg, Stan
AU - Doing, Anne-Kee
AU - Baselmans, Jochem J. A.
AU - Chin, Kah Wuy
AU - Huiting, Robert
AU - Karatsu, Kenichi
AU - Laguna, Alejandro Pascual
AU - Tamura, Yoichi
AU - Takekoshi, Tatsuya
AU - Yates, Stephen J. C.
AU - van Hoven, Maarten
AU - Endo, Akira
PY - 2022/4/1
Y1 - 2022/4/1
N2 - The next technological breakthrough in millimeter-submillimeter astronomy is three-dimensional imaging spectrometry with wide instantaneous spectral bandwidths and wide fields of view. The total optimization of the focal-plane instrument, the telescope, the observing strategy, and the signal-processing software must enable efficient removal of foreground emission from the Earth's atmosphere, which is time-dependent and highly nonlinear in frequency. Here, we present Time-dependent End-to-end Model for Post-process Optimization (TiEMPO) of the DEep Spectroscopic HIgh-redshift MApper (DESHIMA) spectrometer. TiEMPO utilizes a dynamical model of the atmosphere and parameterized models of the astronomical source, the telescope, the instrument, and the detector. The output of TiEMPO is a time stream of sky brightness temperature and detected power, which can be analyzed by standard signal-processing software. We first compare TiEMPO simulations with an on-sky measurement by the wideband DESHIMA spectrometer, and find good agreement in the noise and sensitivity. We then use TiEMPO to simulate the detection of the line emission spectrum of a high-redshift galaxy using the DESHIMA 2.0 spectrometer in development. The TiEMPO model is open source. Its modular and parametrized design enables users to adapt it to optimize the end-to-end performance of spectroscopic and photometric instruments on existing and future telescopes.
AB - The next technological breakthrough in millimeter-submillimeter astronomy is three-dimensional imaging spectrometry with wide instantaneous spectral bandwidths and wide fields of view. The total optimization of the focal-plane instrument, the telescope, the observing strategy, and the signal-processing software must enable efficient removal of foreground emission from the Earth's atmosphere, which is time-dependent and highly nonlinear in frequency. Here, we present Time-dependent End-to-end Model for Post-process Optimization (TiEMPO) of the DEep Spectroscopic HIgh-redshift MApper (DESHIMA) spectrometer. TiEMPO utilizes a dynamical model of the atmosphere and parameterized models of the astronomical source, the telescope, the instrument, and the detector. The output of TiEMPO is a time stream of sky brightness temperature and detected power, which can be analyzed by standard signal-processing software. We first compare TiEMPO simulations with an on-sky measurement by the wideband DESHIMA spectrometer, and find good agreement in the noise and sensitivity. We then use TiEMPO to simulate the detection of the line emission spectrum of a high-redshift galaxy using the DESHIMA 2.0 spectrometer in development. The TiEMPO model is open source. Its modular and parametrized design enables users to adapt it to optimize the end-to-end performance of spectroscopic and photometric instruments on existing and future telescopes.
KW - millimeter-wave
KW - astronomy
KW - simulations
KW - submillimeter-wave
KW - kinetic inductance detectors
KW - on-chip spectrometers
KW - atmosphere
U2 - 10.1117/1.JATIS.8.2.028005
DO - 10.1117/1.JATIS.8.2.028005
M3 - Article
SN - 2329-4221
VL - 8
JO - Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
JF - Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems
IS - 2
M1 - 028005
ER -