TY - JOUR
T1 - Tracing the HIV-1 subtype B mobility in Europe
T2 - a phylogeographic approach
AU - Paraskevis, Dimitrios
AU - Pybus, Oliver
AU - Magiorkinis, Gkikas
AU - Hatzakis, Angelos
AU - Wensing, Annemarie M. J.
AU - de Vijver, David A. van
AU - Albert, Jan
AU - Angarano, Guiseppe
AU - Asjo, Birgitta
AU - Balotta, Claudia
AU - Boeri, Enzo
AU - Camacho, Ricardo
AU - Chaix, Marie-Laure
AU - Coughlan, Suzie
AU - Costagliola, Dominique
AU - De Luca, Andrea
AU - de Mendoza, Carmen
AU - Derdelinckx, Inge
AU - Grossman, Zehava
AU - Hamouda, Osama
AU - Hoepelman, I. M.
AU - Horban, Andrzej
AU - Korn, Klaus
AU - Kuecherer, Claudia
AU - Leitner, Thomas
AU - Loveday, Clive
AU - MacRae, Eilidh
AU - Maljkovic-Berry, I.
AU - Meyer, Laurence
AU - Nielsen, Claus
AU - de Coul, Eline L. M. Op
AU - Ormaasen, Vidar
AU - Perrin, Luc
AU - Puchhammer-Stoeckl, Elisabeth
AU - Ruiz, Lidia
AU - Salminen, Mika O.
AU - Schmit, Jean-Claude
AU - Schuurman, Rob
AU - Soriano, Vincent
AU - Stanczak, J.
AU - Stanojevic, Maja
AU - Struck, Daniel
AU - Van Laethem, Kristel
AU - Violin, M.
AU - Yerly, Sabine
AU - Zazzi, Maurizio
AU - Boucher, Charles A.
AU - Vandamme, Anne-Mieke
AU - SPREAD Programme
PY - 2009/5/20
Y1 - 2009/5/20
N2 - Background: The prevalence and the origin of HIV-1 subtype B, the most prevalent circulating clade among the long-term residents in Europe, have been studied extensively. However the spatial diffusion of the epidemic from the perspective of the virus has not previously been traced.Results: In the current study we inferred the migration history of HIV-1 subtype B by way of a phylogeography of viral sequences sampled from 16 European countries and Israel. Migration events were inferred from viral phylogenies by character reconstruction using parsimony. With regard to the spatial dispersal of the HIV subtype B sequences across viral phylogenies, in most of the countries in Europe the epidemic was introduced by multiple sources and subsequently spread within local networks. Poland provides an exception where most of the infections were the result of a single point introduction. According to the significant migratory pathways, we show that there are considerable differences across Europe. Specifically, Greece, Portugal, Serbia and Spain, provide sources shedding HIV-1; Austria, Belgium and Luxembourg, on the other hand, are migratory targets, while for Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK we inferred significant bidirectional migration. For Poland no significant migratory pathways were inferred.Conclusion: Subtype B phylogeographies provide a new insight about the geographical distribution of viral lineages, as well as the significant pathways of virus dispersal across Europe, suggesting that intervention strategies should also address tourists, travellers and migrants.
AB - Background: The prevalence and the origin of HIV-1 subtype B, the most prevalent circulating clade among the long-term residents in Europe, have been studied extensively. However the spatial diffusion of the epidemic from the perspective of the virus has not previously been traced.Results: In the current study we inferred the migration history of HIV-1 subtype B by way of a phylogeography of viral sequences sampled from 16 European countries and Israel. Migration events were inferred from viral phylogenies by character reconstruction using parsimony. With regard to the spatial dispersal of the HIV subtype B sequences across viral phylogenies, in most of the countries in Europe the epidemic was introduced by multiple sources and subsequently spread within local networks. Poland provides an exception where most of the infections were the result of a single point introduction. According to the significant migratory pathways, we show that there are considerable differences across Europe. Specifically, Greece, Portugal, Serbia and Spain, provide sources shedding HIV-1; Austria, Belgium and Luxembourg, on the other hand, are migratory targets, while for Denmark, Germany, Italy, Israel, Norway, the Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland and the UK we inferred significant bidirectional migration. For Poland no significant migratory pathways were inferred.Conclusion: Subtype B phylogeographies provide a new insight about the geographical distribution of viral lineages, as well as the significant pathways of virus dispersal across Europe, suggesting that intervention strategies should also address tourists, travellers and migrants.
KW - IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS TYPE-1
KW - INJECTING DRUG-USERS
KW - FORMER SOVIET-UNION
KW - IMMUNE-DEFICIENCY SYNDROME
KW - MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY
KW - TRANSMISSION EVENTS
KW - RESISTANT HIV-1
KW - PREVALENCE
KW - INFECTION
KW - HISTORY
U2 - 10.1186/1742-4690-6-49
DO - 10.1186/1742-4690-6-49
M3 - Article
VL - 6
JO - Retrovirology
JF - Retrovirology
SN - 1742-4690
IS - 49
M1 - 49
ER -