Abstract
BACKGROUND: Ultra-processing makes food products more convenient, appealing, and profitable. Recent studies show that high ultra-processed food (UPF) intake is associated with the cardio-metabolic disease.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to investigate the association between UPF consumption and risk of kidney function decline in the general population.
METHODS: In a prospective general population-based Lifelines cohort from Northern Netherlands, 78 346 participants free of chronic kidney disease (CKD) at baseline responded to a 110-item food frequency questionnaire. We used multivariable regression analysis to study the association of the proportion (in gram/day) of UPF in the total diet with a composite kidney outcome (incident CKD or a ≥ 30% eGFR decline relative to baseline) and annual change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
RESULTS: On average, 37.7% of total food intake came from UPF. After 3.6 ± 0.9 years of follow-up, 2 470 participants (3.2%) reached the composite kidney outcome. Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption were associated with a higher risk of the composite kidney outcome (OR 1.27, [95% CI: 1.09, 1.47], P = 0.003) compared with those in the lowest quartile, regardless of macro/micronutrient intake or diet quality. Participants in the highest quartile had a more rapid eGFR decline (β -0.17, [95% CI: -0.23, -0.11], P < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest quartile. Associations were generally consistent across different subgroups.
CONCLUSIONS: Higher UPF consumption was associated with a higher risk of a composite kidney outcome (incident CKD or ≥ 30% eGFR decline) and a more rapid eGFR decline in the general population, independent of confounders and other dietary indices.
Original language | English |
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Pages (from-to) | 263–273 |
Number of pages | 11 |
Journal | American Journal of Clinical Nutrition |
Volume | 116 |
Issue number | 1 |
Early online date | 28-Mar-2022 |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 6-Jul-2022 |
Keywords
- ultraprocessed foods
- chronic kidney disease
- kidney function decline
- eGFR change
- Lifelines