TY - JOUR
T1 - Use and experienced effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments for chronic spinal cord injury related pain in The Netherlands
T2 - A cross-sectional survey
AU - Crul, Tim C.
AU - Hakbijl–van der Wind, Aline J.
AU - van Laake–Geelen, Charlotte M.
AU - Visser-Meily, Johanna M.A.
AU - Post, Marcel W.M.
AU - Stolwijk-Swüste, Janneke M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© The Academy of Spinal Cord Injury Professionals, Inc. 2024.
PY - 2024/5/2
Y1 - 2024/5/2
N2 - Context/Objective: Chronic pain is a common secondary condition in spinal cord injury (SCI). Pharmacological interventions to reduce pain are associated with side effects. The reported effects of non-pharmacological treatments are unclear. This study aims to examine the self-reported presence and type of pain, and the use, effectiveness and side effects of non-pharmacological treatments for pain. Design: Cross-sectional survey regarding SCI-related pain and non-pharmacological treatments. Setting: Community, the Netherlands. Participants: Outpatients with SCI from two rehabilitation centers. Interventions: Not applicable. Outcome measures: Self-reported presence and type of pain, use, effectiveness and side effects of non-pharmacological treatments. Results: A total of 371 patients (41.5%) returned the questionnaire. Median time since onset of SCI was 7 years. Pain following SCI was reported by 262 patients (70.6%). Neuropathic pain was reported most often (74.4%), followed by musculoskeletal pain (51.5%). Of patients with pain, 204 (77.9%) reported past or current use of non-pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacological treatments used most were physiotherapy (67.6%), physical exercise (44.7%) and massage (22.5%). Of patients using non-pharmacological treatments, 152 patients (74.5%) reported the effect of their treatment. Most treatments for which the effect was reported, were described as moderately effective. Most side effects were reported for cannabis. Conclusion: Patients with SCI experiencing pain often use non-pharmacological treatments. Most treatments were described as moderately effective. Research on specific non-pharmacological treatments and different types of pain separately is needed to further determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments.
AB - Context/Objective: Chronic pain is a common secondary condition in spinal cord injury (SCI). Pharmacological interventions to reduce pain are associated with side effects. The reported effects of non-pharmacological treatments are unclear. This study aims to examine the self-reported presence and type of pain, and the use, effectiveness and side effects of non-pharmacological treatments for pain. Design: Cross-sectional survey regarding SCI-related pain and non-pharmacological treatments. Setting: Community, the Netherlands. Participants: Outpatients with SCI from two rehabilitation centers. Interventions: Not applicable. Outcome measures: Self-reported presence and type of pain, use, effectiveness and side effects of non-pharmacological treatments. Results: A total of 371 patients (41.5%) returned the questionnaire. Median time since onset of SCI was 7 years. Pain following SCI was reported by 262 patients (70.6%). Neuropathic pain was reported most often (74.4%), followed by musculoskeletal pain (51.5%). Of patients with pain, 204 (77.9%) reported past or current use of non-pharmacological treatments. Non-pharmacological treatments used most were physiotherapy (67.6%), physical exercise (44.7%) and massage (22.5%). Of patients using non-pharmacological treatments, 152 patients (74.5%) reported the effect of their treatment. Most treatments for which the effect was reported, were described as moderately effective. Most side effects were reported for cannabis. Conclusion: Patients with SCI experiencing pain often use non-pharmacological treatments. Most treatments were described as moderately effective. Research on specific non-pharmacological treatments and different types of pain separately is needed to further determine the effectiveness of non-pharmacological treatments.
KW - Neuropathic
KW - Nociceptive
KW - Non-pharmacological medicine
KW - Pain
KW - Spinal cord injury
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85192157169&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1080/10790268.2024.2345448
DO - 10.1080/10790268.2024.2345448
M3 - Article
C2 - 38695723
AN - SCOPUS:85192157169
SN - 1079-0268
JO - Journal of spinal cord medicine
JF - Journal of spinal cord medicine
ER -