This paper examines how contemporary Critical Theory can contribute to understanding antisemitism. It analyzes three theoretical approaches: antisemitism as a social pathology of reason (Honneth), as regression (Jaeggi), and as a second-order ideology. While acknowledging valuable insights from Honneth and Jaeggi regarding second-order pathologies and regressive crisis solutions, the paper argues that their pragmatist foundations prevent them from fully grasping ideology's productive nature. Instead, it proposes a materialist theory of ideology that conceptualizes antisemitism as a second-order ideology arising from structural power relations, capable of generating both stabilizing and revolutionary "solutions" to crises of autonomy in modern capitalism.