TY - JOUR
T1 - Adaptation and validation of the HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 for the general population of Indonesia
AU - Arifin, Bustanul
AU - Rokhman, M. Rifqi
AU - Zulkarnain, Zulkarnain
AU - Perwitasari, Dyah Aryani
AU - Manggau, Marianti
AU - Rauf, Saidah
AU - Noor, Rasuane
AU - Padmawati, Retna Siwi
AU - Postma, Maarten J.
AU - Massi, Muhammad Nasrum
AU - van der Schans, Jurjen
N1 - Funding Information:
We would like to say thank you very much to all the participants, Office of Research and Publication (ORP) Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing UGM, Administration Bld 2nd Floor, Eric Hokoom, and Sonia Ameilia Dewi Jaikishin.
Funding Information:
Funding was provided by Prof. Maarten J. Postma (University of Groningen); Indonesia Endowment Fund for Education or LPDP in the form of a Ph.D. scholarship to M. Rifqi Rokhman (Grant number PRJ-1/LPDP.3/2019); Universitas Gadjah Mada in the form of a Post-Doctoral Programme to Bustanul Arifin supervised by Retna Siwi Padmawati (Grant number 6162/ UN1/ DITLIT/ DIT-LIT/PT/202).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).
PY - 2022/4/2
Y1 - 2022/4/2
N2 - Background Despite a global decline in new HIV/AIDS cases in low-middle countries, cases are increasing in Indonesia. Low knowledge about the disease among the general population is one of the major factors responsible for this trend. Indonesia does not have a validated instrument to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 (HIV-KQ-18) has been translated into several languages and is one of the most extensively used instruments for assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge. This paper describes the process of adapting and validating the HIV-KQ-18, an instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in the general population of Indonesia. Methods In the adaptation phase, feedback for the initial Bahasa Indonesia version was gathered from two HIV activists, an obstetrician, two general practitioners, and 60 pilot participants. At the validation stage, we distributed the instrument link via Google Form to 6 major regions in Indonesia. Validity was measured using known-group validity and construct validity. The construct validity was assessed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a polychoric correlation matrix. Cronbach's alpha was used to analyze the internal consistency. Results Based on the findings in the adaptation phase, additional descriptions (namely synonyms or examples) were added to 6 items to make them more understandable. In the validation phase, 1,249 participants were recruited. The a priori hypothesis in known-group validity was supported. We also found three items that did not meet the construct validity. Based on the acceleration factor approach to interpret the scree tree in the factor analysis, using only two factors was preferable. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.75 and 0.71 representing good internal reliability. Conclusion The HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia is considered a valid and reliable instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in Indonesia.
AB - Background Despite a global decline in new HIV/AIDS cases in low-middle countries, cases are increasing in Indonesia. Low knowledge about the disease among the general population is one of the major factors responsible for this trend. Indonesia does not have a validated instrument to assess HIV/AIDS knowledge. The HIV Knowledge Questionnaire-18 (HIV-KQ-18) has been translated into several languages and is one of the most extensively used instruments for assessing HIV/AIDS knowledge. This paper describes the process of adapting and validating the HIV-KQ-18, an instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in the general population of Indonesia. Methods In the adaptation phase, feedback for the initial Bahasa Indonesia version was gathered from two HIV activists, an obstetrician, two general practitioners, and 60 pilot participants. At the validation stage, we distributed the instrument link via Google Form to 6 major regions in Indonesia. Validity was measured using known-group validity and construct validity. The construct validity was assessed using an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with a polychoric correlation matrix. Cronbach's alpha was used to analyze the internal consistency. Results Based on the findings in the adaptation phase, additional descriptions (namely synonyms or examples) were added to 6 items to make them more understandable. In the validation phase, 1,249 participants were recruited. The a priori hypothesis in known-group validity was supported. We also found three items that did not meet the construct validity. Based on the acceleration factor approach to interpret the scree tree in the factor analysis, using only two factors was preferable. Cronbach's alpha values were 0.75 and 0.71 representing good internal reliability. Conclusion The HIV-KQ-18 Bahasa Indonesia is considered a valid and reliable instrument to assess the level of HIV/AIDS knowledge in Indonesia.
KW - Infectious disease
KW - Education
KW - Psychometric properties
KW - General population
KW - Instrumental study
KW - HIV/AIDS
KW - STIGMA
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85127521595&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1186/s12955-022-01963-5
DO - 10.1186/s12955-022-01963-5
M3 - Article
C2 - 35366891
AN - SCOPUS:85127521595
SN - 1477-7525
VL - 20
JO - Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
JF - Health and Quality of Life Outcomes
IS - 1
M1 - 55
ER -