Ander ondernemerschap: enige beschouwingen over de relatie cultuur, ondernemerschap en ondernemingsfinanciering

Economy is a normative science. Therefore understanding of economic acting is only possible with orientation on the cultural development and setting, in which the human being finds himself acting. When analyzing the ratio of acting we can discriminate between causality, finality and intentionality. Causality and finality are connected with the ratio in action. Intentionality has a connection with the ratio behind action, with the motive as reason for the act. The acting decision maker faces two kinds of questions: good or bad and true or false. The basic question in good or bad is: “What is morally allowed”. Morality testing is of good help when choosing between good or bad. The basic question between true and false is: “What is feasible”. Feasibility testing is of good help when choosing between true or false. Apodictical reasoning is used with feasibility testing and dialectical reasoning with morality testing. As a consequence, feasibility testing and morality testing cannot be brought on one line. Moral thinking contains three levels: an intuitive, a normative or intermediate and a critical one. Judgements are tied up with persons on the intuitive level and connected with time and place on the normative level. Judgements are timeless on the critical level. Feasibility and morality testing combined with the insight in the three levels of reasoning and the kind of reasoning can be used to justify and to understand decisions taken in the past. Also it is possible to understand the different ways of acting in apparently the same situation in different cultures. For this reason special attention is being given to the structural differences in seven views on the world: the view of the orthodox Jews, of Plato and Aristotle, of the early Middle Ages, of modern man immediately after the Renaissance, of modern western man, and of orthodox Muslim and orthodox Protestant, both living today.