TY - JOUR
T1 - Anxiety, mood, and substance use disorders in adult men and women with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
T2 - A substantive and methodological overview
AU - Hartman, Catharina A
AU - Larsson, Henrik
AU - Vos, Melissa
AU - Bellato, Alessio
AU - Libutzki, Berit
AU - Solberg, Berit Skretting
AU - Chen, Qi
AU - Du Rietz, Ebba
AU - Mostert, Jeanette C
AU - Kittel-Schneider, Sarah
AU - Cormand, Bru
AU - Ribasés, Marta
AU - Klungsøyr, Kari
AU - Haavik, Jan
AU - Dalsgaard, Søren
AU - Cortese, Samuele
AU - Faraone, Stephen V
AU - Reif, Andreas
N1 - Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
PY - 2023/8
Y1 - 2023/8
N2 - Knowledge on psychiatric comorbidity in adult ADHD is essential for prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions. This review (1) focuses on large studies (n > 10,000; surveys, claims data, population registries) to identify (a) overall, (b) sex- and (c) age-specific patterns of comorbidity of anxiety disorders (ADs), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in adults with ADHD relative to adults without ADHD; and (2) describes methodological challenges relating to establishing comorbidity in ADHD in adults as well as priorities for future research. Meta-analyses (ADHD: n = 550,748; no ADHD n = 14,546,814) yielded pooled odds ratios of 5.0(CI:3.29-7.46) for ADs, 4.5(CI:2.44-8.34) for MDD, 8.7(CI:5.47-13.89) for BD and 4.6(CI:2.72-7.80) for SUDs, indicating strong differences in adults with compared to adults without ADHD. Moderation by sex was not found: high comorbidity held for both men and women with sex-specific patterns as in the general population: higher prevalences of ADs, MDD and BD in women and a higher prevalence of SUDs in men. Insufficient data on different phases of the adult lifespan prevented conclusions on developmental changes in comorbidity. We discuss methodological challenges, knowledge gaps, and future research priorities.
AB - Knowledge on psychiatric comorbidity in adult ADHD is essential for prevention, detection, and treatment of these conditions. This review (1) focuses on large studies (n > 10,000; surveys, claims data, population registries) to identify (a) overall, (b) sex- and (c) age-specific patterns of comorbidity of anxiety disorders (ADs), major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD) and substance use disorders (SUDs) in adults with ADHD relative to adults without ADHD; and (2) describes methodological challenges relating to establishing comorbidity in ADHD in adults as well as priorities for future research. Meta-analyses (ADHD: n = 550,748; no ADHD n = 14,546,814) yielded pooled odds ratios of 5.0(CI:3.29-7.46) for ADs, 4.5(CI:2.44-8.34) for MDD, 8.7(CI:5.47-13.89) for BD and 4.6(CI:2.72-7.80) for SUDs, indicating strong differences in adults with compared to adults without ADHD. Moderation by sex was not found: high comorbidity held for both men and women with sex-specific patterns as in the general population: higher prevalences of ADs, MDD and BD in women and a higher prevalence of SUDs in men. Insufficient data on different phases of the adult lifespan prevented conclusions on developmental changes in comorbidity. We discuss methodological challenges, knowledge gaps, and future research priorities.
KW - Adult
KW - Female
KW - Humans
KW - Male
KW - Anxiety/epidemiology
KW - Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology
KW - Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity/epidemiology
KW - Comorbidity
KW - Depressive Disorder, Major/epidemiology
KW - Substance-Related Disorders/epidemiology
U2 - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105209
DO - 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105209
M3 - Review article
C2 - 37149075
SN - 0149-7634
VL - 151
JO - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
JF - Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews
M1 - 105209
ER -