Capturing complex processes of human performance: Insights from the domain of sports

Jan Rudolf den Hartigh

Capturing complex processes of human performance: Insights from the domain of sports

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage: Complexe processen in een prestatiecontext: Nieuwe inzichten vanuit de sport

Jan Rudolf den Hartigh

Onderzoeksoutput: Thesis fully internal (DIV)

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Samenvatting

Het leveren van prestaties is een complex en dynamisch proces, waarbij psychologische-, lichamelijke- en omgevings factoren elkaar continue beïnvloeden en veranderen over tijd. Het is daarom moeilijk om specifieke factoren te identificeren die prestatieprocessen in de sport en daarbuiten verklaren. Mijn proefschrift heeft zich gericht op het begrijpen van prestatieprocessen vanuit het complexe samenspel tussen allerlei factoren.

Hoe komen sporters bijvoorbeeld in een positief momentum (positieve spiraal) of negatief momentum? Dit gebeurt vaak wanneer sporters het gevoel hebben dat de winst dichterbij komt, of juist verder weg raakt, wat gepaard gaat met verschillende motorische en psychologische veranderingen. Wanneer teams van twee roeiers werden ingehaald door een tegenstander, vonden wij dat hun coordinatie relatief zwak werd en dat de kracht van de roeislagen relatief snel afnam, vergeleken met een periode waarin de roeiers zelf inliepen. Psychologisch gezien kwamen roeiers ook relatief snel in een “dip” als hun positie in de race verslechterde, terwijl een positief momentum zich juist vrij langzaam ontwikkelde. Daarnaast hebben we ook gevonden dat roeiers minder snel in een dip kwamen als zij daarvoor al een aantal successvolle races geroeid hadden. Momentum kan dus ook overgedragen worden naar toekomstige wedstrijden.

Als we kijken naar prestatieprocessen van sporters, musici en wetenschappers over de jaren heen, vonden we dat er geen algemeen traject is naar de top. Ieder persoon ontwikkelt zich op een andere manier, wat verklaard kan worden vanuit een model waarin verschillende factoren (steun van ouders, hoeveelheid oefening, iemands motivatie, etc.) veranderen over tijd én elkaar op verschillende manieren beïnvloeden voor verschillende individuen.

Vertaalde titel van de bijdrage	Complexe processen in een prestatiecontext: Nieuwe inzichten vanuit de sport
Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	Geert ,van, Paul, Supervisor Gernigon, Christophe, Supervisor, Externe Persoon van Yperen, Nico, Supervisor Cox, Ralf, Co-supervisor
Datum van toekenning	16-apr.-2015
Plaats van publicatie	[Groningen]
Uitgever	University of Groningen
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-90-367-7722-3
Elektronische ISBN's	978-90-367-7721-6
Status	Published - 2015

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Title and contentsFinal publisher's version, 282 KB
Chapter 1 Final publisher's version, 254 KB
Chapter 2 Final publisher's version, 329 KB
Chapter 3 Final publisher's version, 383 KB
Chapter 4 Final publisher's version, 1,5 MB
Chapter 5 Final publisher's version, 1 MB
Chapter 6 Final publisher's version, 790 KB
Chapter 7 Final publisher's version, 395 KB
Chapter 8 Final publisher's version, 293 KB
Chapter 9 Final publisher's version, 311 KB
References Final publisher's version, 285 KB
Acknowledgements Final publisher's version, 103 KB
Curriculum Vitae Final publisher's version, 114 KB
Complete dissertationFinal publisher's version, 4,31 MB
PropositionsFinal publisher's version, 116 KB

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title = "Capturing complex processes of human performance: Insights from the domain of sports",

abstract = "Human performance processes are complex and dynamic, which means that various psychological, physical, and environmental factors continuously interact and change over time. Therefore, it is difficult to identify which specific factors explain human performance processes. My dissertation has attempted to provide an understanding of how performance processes emerge out of the complex interplay between various factors.For instance, how do athletes enter a positive or negative momentum? Often, this happens when athletes perceive that they progress or regress in relation to the victory, which elicits various psychological and motor changes. When teams of rowers were losing the advantage on the opponent, we found that the rowers{\textquoteright} coordination became relatively weak, and their exerted efforts decreased relatively rapidly, compared to a period in which the rowers came back from behind. Psychologically speaking, rowers developed a downward spiral relatively rapidly as soon as their position in the race deteriorated, whereas a positive momentum developed relatively slowly. Besides, we found that rowers develop a negative spiral less rapidly during a race, after a history of successful races. Hence, momentum can also be transferred to future sport matches.Looking at performance processes of athletes, musicians, or scientists over the years, we found that there is no {\textquoteleft}common road{\textquoteright} to the top. Each person has its own developmental pathway, which can be explained based on our model of excellence, in which various factors (support of parents, practice hours, motivation, etc.) change over time and influence each other in different ways for different individuals.",

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N2 - Human performance processes are complex and dynamic, which means that various psychological, physical, and environmental factors continuously interact and change over time. Therefore, it is difficult to identify which specific factors explain human performance processes. My dissertation has attempted to provide an understanding of how performance processes emerge out of the complex interplay between various factors.For instance, how do athletes enter a positive or negative momentum? Often, this happens when athletes perceive that they progress or regress in relation to the victory, which elicits various psychological and motor changes. When teams of rowers were losing the advantage on the opponent, we found that the rowers’ coordination became relatively weak, and their exerted efforts decreased relatively rapidly, compared to a period in which the rowers came back from behind. Psychologically speaking, rowers developed a downward spiral relatively rapidly as soon as their position in the race deteriorated, whereas a positive momentum developed relatively slowly. Besides, we found that rowers develop a negative spiral less rapidly during a race, after a history of successful races. Hence, momentum can also be transferred to future sport matches.Looking at performance processes of athletes, musicians, or scientists over the years, we found that there is no ‘common road’ to the top. Each person has its own developmental pathway, which can be explained based on our model of excellence, in which various factors (support of parents, practice hours, motivation, etc.) change over time and influence each other in different ways for different individuals.

AB - Human performance processes are complex and dynamic, which means that various psychological, physical, and environmental factors continuously interact and change over time. Therefore, it is difficult to identify which specific factors explain human performance processes. My dissertation has attempted to provide an understanding of how performance processes emerge out of the complex interplay between various factors.For instance, how do athletes enter a positive or negative momentum? Often, this happens when athletes perceive that they progress or regress in relation to the victory, which elicits various psychological and motor changes. When teams of rowers were losing the advantage on the opponent, we found that the rowers’ coordination became relatively weak, and their exerted efforts decreased relatively rapidly, compared to a period in which the rowers came back from behind. Psychologically speaking, rowers developed a downward spiral relatively rapidly as soon as their position in the race deteriorated, whereas a positive momentum developed relatively slowly. Besides, we found that rowers develop a negative spiral less rapidly during a race, after a history of successful races. Hence, momentum can also be transferred to future sport matches.Looking at performance processes of athletes, musicians, or scientists over the years, we found that there is no ‘common road’ to the top. Each person has its own developmental pathway, which can be explained based on our model of excellence, in which various factors (support of parents, practice hours, motivation, etc.) change over time and influence each other in different ways for different individuals.

M3 - Thesis fully internal (DIV)

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