Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Humins in Mixtures of Formic Acid/2-Propanol with Supported Ruthenium Catalysts

Yuehu Wang, Shilpa Agarwal, Arjan Kloekhorst, Hero Jan Heeres*

*Corresponding author voor dit werk

OnderzoeksoutputAcademicpeer review

39 Citaten (Scopus)
97 Downloads (Pure)

Samenvatting

The catalytic hydrotreatment of humins, which are the solid byproducts from the conversion of C6 sugars (glucose, fructose) into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA), by using supported ruthenium catalysts has been investigated. Reactions were carried out in a batch setup at elevated temperatures (400 °C) by using a hydrogen donor (formic acid (FA) in isopropanol (IPA) or hydrogen gas), with humins obtained from d-glucose. Humin conversions of up to 69 % were achieved with Ru/C and FA, whereas the performance for Ru on alumina was slightly poorer (59 % humin conversion). Humin oils were characterized by using a range of analytical techniques (GC, GC-MS, GCxGC, gel permeation chromatography) and were shown to consist of monomers, mainly alkyl phenolics (>45 % based on compounds detectable by GC) and higher oligomers. A reaction network for the reaction is proposed based on structural proposals for humins and the main reaction products.

Originele taal-2English
Pagina's (van-tot)951-961
Aantal pagina's11
TijdschriftChemsuschem
Volume9
Nummer van het tijdschrift9
DOI's
StatusPublished - 10-mei-2016

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