TY - JOUR
T1 - Clustering in a hyperbolic model of complex networks
AU - Fountoulakis, Nikolaos
AU - Van Der Hoorn, Pim
AU - Müller, Tobias
AU - Schepers, Markus
N1 - Funding Information:
We are grateful to Dmitri Krioukov for pointing us to the problem of local clustering in this model and his helpful insights during discussions of the topic. We thank Remco van der Hofstad for pointing out a mistake in an earlier version of the proof of Theorem 1.3. We also thank an anonymous referee for his/her suggestions and comments on improving the manuscript. Nikolaos Fountoulakis was partially supported by the Alan Turing Institute, grant no. EP/N510129/1. Pim van der Hoorn was partially supported by ARO Grant W911NF-16-1-0391 and W911NF-17-1-0491. Tobias M?ller and Markus Schepers were partially supported by NWO grant 639.032.529. Tobias M?ller was additionally supported by NWO grant 612.001.409.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021, Institute of Mathematical Statistics. All rights reserved.
PY - 2021
Y1 - 2021
N2 - In this paper we consider the clustering coefficient, and clustering function in a random graph model proposed by Krioukov et al. in 2010. In this model, nodes are chosen randomly inside a disk in the hyperbolic plane and two nodes are connected if they are at most at a certain hyperbolic distance from each other. It has been previously shown that this model has various properties associated with complex networks, including a power-law degree distribution, “short distances” and a nonvanishing clustering coefficient. The model is specified using three parameters: The number of nodes n, which we think of as going to infinity, and α; v > 0, which we think of as constant. Roughly speaking, the parameter γ controls the power law exponent of the degree sequence and v the average degree. Here we show that the clustering coefficient tends in probability to a constant that we give explicitly as a closed form expression in terms of α; v and certain special functions. This improves earlier work by Gugelmann et al., who proved that the clustering coefficient remains bounded away from zero with high probability, but left open the issue of convergence to a limiting constant. Similarly, we are able to show that c(k), the average clustering coefficient over all vertices of degree exactly k, tends in probability to a limit γ(k) which we give explicitly as a closed form expression in terms of α; v and certain special functions. We are able to extend this last result also to sequences (kn)n where kn grows as a function of n. Our results show that (k) scales differently, as k grows, for different ranges of α. More precisely, there exists constants cα;I depending on α and v, such that as k →∞,γ(k) ~ cα;v k2-4α if ½ < α < ¾,γ (k) ~ cα;v log(k) k-1 if α =¾ and γ (k) ~ cα;v k-1 when α > ¾. These results contradict a claim of Krioukov et al., which stated that γ (k) should always scale with k-1 as we let k grow.
AB - In this paper we consider the clustering coefficient, and clustering function in a random graph model proposed by Krioukov et al. in 2010. In this model, nodes are chosen randomly inside a disk in the hyperbolic plane and two nodes are connected if they are at most at a certain hyperbolic distance from each other. It has been previously shown that this model has various properties associated with complex networks, including a power-law degree distribution, “short distances” and a nonvanishing clustering coefficient. The model is specified using three parameters: The number of nodes n, which we think of as going to infinity, and α; v > 0, which we think of as constant. Roughly speaking, the parameter γ controls the power law exponent of the degree sequence and v the average degree. Here we show that the clustering coefficient tends in probability to a constant that we give explicitly as a closed form expression in terms of α; v and certain special functions. This improves earlier work by Gugelmann et al., who proved that the clustering coefficient remains bounded away from zero with high probability, but left open the issue of convergence to a limiting constant. Similarly, we are able to show that c(k), the average clustering coefficient over all vertices of degree exactly k, tends in probability to a limit γ(k) which we give explicitly as a closed form expression in terms of α; v and certain special functions. We are able to extend this last result also to sequences (kn)n where kn grows as a function of n. Our results show that (k) scales differently, as k grows, for different ranges of α. More precisely, there exists constants cα;I depending on α and v, such that as k →∞,γ(k) ~ cα;v k2-4α if ½ < α < ¾,γ (k) ~ cα;v log(k) k-1 if α =¾ and γ (k) ~ cα;v k-1 when α > ¾. These results contradict a claim of Krioukov et al., which stated that γ (k) should always scale with k-1 as we let k grow.
KW - Clustering
KW - Hyperbolic random graph
KW - Random graphs
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85100551781&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1214/21-EJP583
DO - 10.1214/21-EJP583
M3 - Article
SN - 1083-6489
VL - 26
SP - 1
EP - 132
JO - Electronic journal of probability
JF - Electronic journal of probability
M1 - 13
ER -