Combining one-session treatment with a homework program including app-based technology to enhance the treatment of childhood specific phobias: A study protocol of a multicenter pragmatic randomized controlled trial

Introduction: Childhood specific phobias are among the most common and earliest onset mental disorders with a lifetime prevalence of more than ten percent. Brief intensive cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) programs such as the One-Session Treatment (OST) are found to be effective in the remission of the specific phobias following treatment, but there is still room for improvement. The goal of the current study is to examine whether the long-term efficacy of OST increases by using a homework program supported by an app specifically designed for children; the Kids Beat Anxiety (KibA) homework program. Methods: Children aged between 7 and 14 years with a specific phobia receive OST preceded by a three-week baseline phase to control for time-effects. Directly following OST, children are randomized to either a four-week homework period supported by an app (OST + app), or standard One-Session Treatment with a four-week homework period that is only supported by therapist instructions (OST-only). Primary outcome variables are diagnosis and severity of the specific phobia. Secondary outcomes include behavioral avoidance, self-reported fear, and functional impairment. Data will be analyzed based on intention-to-treat and per protocol samples using mixed-effects multilevel linear models. Ethics and dissemination: The current study was approved by the METC of the Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (number: NL72697.018.20) and the Ethical Committee of the Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany (number: 663). Results of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals. Trial registration: The study was pre-registered at the Dutch Trial Register, number: NL 9216.