Decoding Peroxisomes in Yeast through Omics Technologies

For a cell to survive, all its internal processes must be coordinated and balanced. Eukaryotic cells achieve this by performing its chemical reactions within different compartments called organelles. One such organelle is the peroxisome, which is found in nearly all types of cells. Peroxisomes have many different functions, but the most known are breakdown of fats for energy and the removal of harmful molecules like hydrogen peroxide. Their importance is illustrated by severe diseases in humans when peroxisomes are not functioning properly. Yeasts are valuable model organisms that help scientists better understand peroxisomes. In this study, we aimed to identify new peroxisomal proteins and functions of peroxisomes, by comparing gene expression, protein levels, and metabolites in yeast cells with and without peroxisomes. We discovered that peroxisomes are not only involved in breaking down fats but also in producing them. Additionally, they help regulate polyamines—molecules essential for growth, cell repair, and DNA protection. We also identified several new peroxisomal proteins, including a membrane protein that transports pyruvate in and out of peroxisomes. Pyruvate is a key building block used in the production of various cell components. Finally, our study confirmed that the approaches we used are effective for exploring peroxisome biology and provide valuable insights into previously unknown cellular functions of peroxisomes.