TY - JOUR
T1 - Detachment and successive re-attachment of multiple, reversibly-binding tethers result in irreversible bacterial adhesion to surfaces
AU - Sjollema, Jelmer
AU - van der Mei, Henny C.
AU - Hall, Connie L.
AU - Peterson, Brandon W.
AU - de Vries, Joop
AU - Song, Lei
AU - de Jong, Ed D.
AU - Busscher, Henk J.
AU - Swartjes, Jan J. T. M.
PY - 2017/6/29
Y1 - 2017/6/29
N2 - Bacterial adhesion to surfaces occurs ubiquitously and is initially reversible, though becoming more irreversible within minutes after first contact with a surface. We here demonstrate for eight bacterial strains comprising four species, that bacteria adhere irreversibly to surfaces through multiple, reversibly-binding tethers that detach and successively re-attach, but not collectively detach to cause detachment of an entire bacterium. Arguments build on combining analyses of confined Brownian-motion of bacteria adhering to glass and their AFM force-distance curves and include the following observations: (1) force-distance curves showed detachment events indicative of multiple binding tethers, (2) vibration amplitudes of adhering bacteria parallel to a surface decreased with increasing adhesion-forces acting perpendicular to the surface, (3) nanoscopic displacements of bacteria with relatively long autocorrelation times up to several seconds, in absence of microscopic displacement, (4) increases in Mean-Squared-Displacement over prolonged time periods according to tα with 0<α≪1,
indicative of confined displacement. Analysis of simulated position-maps of adhering particles using
a new, in silico model confirmed that adhesion to surfaces is irreversible through detachment and
successive re-attachment of reversibly-binding tethers. This makes bacterial adhesion mechanistically
comparable with the irreversible adsorption of high-molecular-weight proteins to surfaces, mediated by
multiple, reversibly-binding molecular segments.
AB - Bacterial adhesion to surfaces occurs ubiquitously and is initially reversible, though becoming more irreversible within minutes after first contact with a surface. We here demonstrate for eight bacterial strains comprising four species, that bacteria adhere irreversibly to surfaces through multiple, reversibly-binding tethers that detach and successively re-attach, but not collectively detach to cause detachment of an entire bacterium. Arguments build on combining analyses of confined Brownian-motion of bacteria adhering to glass and their AFM force-distance curves and include the following observations: (1) force-distance curves showed detachment events indicative of multiple binding tethers, (2) vibration amplitudes of adhering bacteria parallel to a surface decreased with increasing adhesion-forces acting perpendicular to the surface, (3) nanoscopic displacements of bacteria with relatively long autocorrelation times up to several seconds, in absence of microscopic displacement, (4) increases in Mean-Squared-Displacement over prolonged time periods according to tα with 0<α≪1,
indicative of confined displacement. Analysis of simulated position-maps of adhering particles using
a new, in silico model confirmed that adhesion to surfaces is irreversible through detachment and
successive re-attachment of reversibly-binding tethers. This makes bacterial adhesion mechanistically
comparable with the irreversible adsorption of high-molecular-weight proteins to surfaces, mediated by
multiple, reversibly-binding molecular segments.
KW - ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY
KW - STAPHYLOCOCCUS-AUREUS
KW - HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES
KW - NANOSCOPIC VIBRATIONS
KW - STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS
KW - ORAL STREPTOCOCCI
KW - BIOFILM FORMATION
KW - PARTICLE MOTION
KW - PROTEIN
KW - SPECTROSCOPY
U2 - 10.1038/s41598-017-04703-8
DO - 10.1038/s41598-017-04703-8
M3 - Article
C2 - 28663565
SN - 2045-2322
VL - 7
JO - Scientific Reports
JF - Scientific Reports
M1 - 4369
ER -