Effects of various ballast water treatment methods on the survival of phytoplankton and bacteria

Peter Paul Vincent Stehouwer

Effects of various ballast water treatment methods on the survival of phytoplankton and bacteria

Peter Paul Vincent Stehouwer

Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Gron.

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Aquatische invasieve soorten zijn een van de grootste bedreigingen voor de biodiversiteit in de oceanen. Een van de transportroutes voor deze invasieve soorten is ballastwater. Om dit tegen te gaan heeft de Internationale Maritieme Organisatie richtlijnen geformuleerd die grenzen stellen aan de hoeveelheid organismen in ballastwater. Om aan deze richtlijnen te voldoen zijn zogenaamde ballastwater behandelingssystemen ontwikkeld door verschillende fabrikanten. Deze behandelingssystemen gebruiken verschillende methoden zoals filtratie, chloor-toevoeging of UV-licht om organismen te verwijderen of doden. In dit proefschrift werd de effectiviteit van deze behandelingsmethoden getest en ook het potentiaal van de organismen om na behandeling te hergroeien. Daarnaast werden verschillende analysemethoden getest om de hergroeiende organismen te identificeren. Alle ballastwater behandelingssystemen die getest werden reduceerden organisme aantallen tot onder de internationale standaarden, maar bij alle behandelingssystemen vond ook hergroei plaats na behandeling. Met een combinatie van flow-cytometrie, mikroskopie en DGGE/sequencing werden de hergroeiende soorten geidentificeerd. De hergroeiende organismen waren vergelijkbaar bij behandelingssystemen die hetzelfde type behandeling gebruikten, maar verschillend voor behandelingssystemen die verschillende typen behandeling gebruikten. hergroei vond vooral plaats bij organismen <10 µm, dit formaat organismen is geen deel van de internationale ballastwater richtlijnen. Dit betekent dat er een omissie is in de internationale richtlijnen wat gecorrigeerd zou moeten worden.

Originele taal-2	English
Kwalificatie	Doctor of Philosophy
Toekennende instantie	Rijksuniversiteit Groningen
Begeleider(s)/adviseur	Buma, Anita, Supervisor Peperzak, Louis, Co-supervisor, Externe Persoon
Datum van toekenning	3-jun.-2016
Plaats van publicatie	[Groningen]
Uitgever	University of Groningen
Gedrukte ISBN's	978-90-367-8808-3
Elektronische ISBN's	978-90-367-8807-6
Status	Published - 2016

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title = "Effects of various ballast water treatment methods on the survival of phytoplankton and bacteria",

abstract = "Aquatic invasive species are one of the major threats to the world{\textquoteright}s oceans. One of the main transport pathways for these invasive species is ships ballast water. Because of this the International Maritime Organization formulated regulations limiting the number of organisms allowed to be in ballast water. To meet these regulations ballast water treatment systems were developed by various manufacturers. These treatment systems use various methods such as filtration, chlorination or UV-light to remove or kill the organisms. In this thesis the effectiveness of these methods was tested, as well as the potential of organisms to re-grow after treatment. Additionally different analysis methods were tested for identifying the re-growing species. The ballast water treatment systems tested all reduced organism numbers to below the international standards, but for all treatment systems organisms could re-grow. Using a combination of flow cytometry, microscopy and DGGE/sequencing these re-growing organisms were identified. The re-growing organisms were similar for different treatment systems using the same type of treatment, but different when the systems used different treatment types. Re-growth was especially observed for organisms <10 µm, this size of organisms is not included in the international ballast water regulations. This indicates a gap in the international regulations which should be corrected.",

author = "Stehouwer, {Peter Paul Vincent}",

year = "2016",

language = "English",

isbn = "978-90-367-8808-3",

publisher = "University of Groningen",

school = "University of Groningen",

}

TY - THES

T1 - Effects of various ballast water treatment methods on the survival of phytoplankton and bacteria

AU - Stehouwer, Peter Paul Vincent

PY - 2016

Y1 - 2016

N2 - Aquatic invasive species are one of the major threats to the world’s oceans. One of the main transport pathways for these invasive species is ships ballast water. Because of this the International Maritime Organization formulated regulations limiting the number of organisms allowed to be in ballast water. To meet these regulations ballast water treatment systems were developed by various manufacturers. These treatment systems use various methods such as filtration, chlorination or UV-light to remove or kill the organisms. In this thesis the effectiveness of these methods was tested, as well as the potential of organisms to re-grow after treatment. Additionally different analysis methods were tested for identifying the re-growing species. The ballast water treatment systems tested all reduced organism numbers to below the international standards, but for all treatment systems organisms could re-grow. Using a combination of flow cytometry, microscopy and DGGE/sequencing these re-growing organisms were identified. The re-growing organisms were similar for different treatment systems using the same type of treatment, but different when the systems used different treatment types. Re-growth was especially observed for organisms <10 µm, this size of organisms is not included in the international ballast water regulations. This indicates a gap in the international regulations which should be corrected.

AB - Aquatic invasive species are one of the major threats to the world’s oceans. One of the main transport pathways for these invasive species is ships ballast water. Because of this the International Maritime Organization formulated regulations limiting the number of organisms allowed to be in ballast water. To meet these regulations ballast water treatment systems were developed by various manufacturers. These treatment systems use various methods such as filtration, chlorination or UV-light to remove or kill the organisms. In this thesis the effectiveness of these methods was tested, as well as the potential of organisms to re-grow after treatment. Additionally different analysis methods were tested for identifying the re-growing species. The ballast water treatment systems tested all reduced organism numbers to below the international standards, but for all treatment systems organisms could re-grow. Using a combination of flow cytometry, microscopy and DGGE/sequencing these re-growing organisms were identified. The re-growing organisms were similar for different treatment systems using the same type of treatment, but different when the systems used different treatment types. Re-growth was especially observed for organisms <10 µm, this size of organisms is not included in the international ballast water regulations. This indicates a gap in the international regulations which should be corrected.

M3 - Thesis fully internal (DIV)

SN - 978-90-367-8808-3

PB - University of Groningen

CY - [Groningen]

ER -