Exploring public concerns about the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare

Health Psychology Department at University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; [email protected]

Background
Artificial Intelligence has the potential to revolutionize healthcare and enhance patient outcomes. Addressing the user's concerns towards AI is crucial for its appropriate development and implementation. Such as trust in AI, data privacy or accuracy of AI results. The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes, benefits and concerns towards the use of AI in healthcare in different scenarios of AI application in healthcare, within and across applications.

Method
A cross-sectional online survey study involving 1,250 participants from the Netherlands will be conducted in April 2024 using Flycatcher survey sampling company. Dutch-speaking participants will be randomly assigned to different real use case scenarios within healthcare. Their general attitudes towards AI will be measured along with their personality traits and AI literacy, followed by a description of the scenarios. Afterwards they will express their levels of concern towards these AI applications. The use cases involve AI applications in newborn screening, preventive interventions through wearables, chatbots supporting doctor-patient communication, and augmentation of data for AI training in imaging.

Findings: Correlation analysis will be applied to determine significant associations between concerns within and across the same use case. Regression analyses will be used to understand relationships between personality traits, AI literacy, sociodemographic and concern variables in each use case. We hypothesize that all concerns will be present at some level, but they will vary across use cases.

Conclusion: The results from this research will contribute to human-centered AI development by identifying relevant concerns to consider when developing and implementing AI tools in healthcare.