Health and wealth in the Roman Empire

Willem M. Jongman, Jan P. A. M. Jacobs, Geertje M. Klein Goldewijk

OnderzoeksoutputAcademicpeer review

20 Citaten (Scopus)
800 Downloads (Pure)

Samenvatting

Ancient Rome was the largest and most populous empire of its time, and the largest pre-industrial state in European history. Recent though not universally accepted research suggests that at least for the most populous central periods of its history standard of living was also rather higher than before or after. To trace whether this is also reflected in Roman biological standard of living, we present the first large and more or less comprehensive dataset, based on skeletal data for some 10,000 individuals, covering all periods of Roman history, and all regions (even if inevitably unequally). We discuss both the methodologies that we developed and the historical results. Instead of reconstructing heights from the long bones assuming fixed body proportions or from one individual long bone, we apply exploratory factor analysis and calculate factor scores for 50-year periods. Our measure of the biological standard of living declined during the last two centuries B.C. and started to improve again, slowly at first, from the second century A.D. It correlated negatively with population, but also with other aspects of standard of living such as wages or diets.

Originele taal-2English
Pagina's (van-tot)138-150
Aantal pagina's13
TijdschriftEconomics & Human Biology
Volume34
Vroegere onlinedatum16-jan.-2019
DOI's
StatusPublished - aug.-2019

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